Article: Q57954
Product(s): Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit
Version(s): WINDOWS:3.0,3.1
Operating System(s):
Keyword(s): kb16bitonly
Last Modified: 05-NOV-1999
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The information in this article applies to:
- Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit (SDK) versions 3.0, 3.1
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SUMMARY
=======
The information listed below discusses the following topics:
1. Windows version 3.x support of EMS.
2. Utilization of the services of an already-installed LIM EMS
(Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Support) version 4.0 driver, such as a
"limulator" or hardware EMS board by Windows version 3.x.
3. Making EMS calls from an application not based on Windows.
4. Making EMS calls from a Windows-based application.
MORE INFORMATION
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1. Windows version 3.x support of EMS.
Windows version 3.x has three modes: real mode, standard mode, and enhanced
mode. Of the three, only enhanced mode provides EMS. This is because
"limulation" [simulation of LIM (Lotus/Intel/Microsoft)] requires hardware
support that only the Intel 80386 provides; the 8086 and 80286 do not have
the necessary combination of protected mode addressing and virtual 8086
emulation (provided by the 80386's V86 mode).
2. Utilization of the services of an already-installed LIM EMS
(Lotus/Intel/Microsoft Expanded Memory Support) version 4.0 driver, such as a
"limulator" or hardware EMS board by Windows version 3.x.
Real mode Windows can take advantage of either a limulator or a hardware EMS
board.
Windows version 3.0 standard mode (which runs in 80286 protected mode) cannot
use a limulator because these drivers run in 80386 protected mode, thereby
conflicting with the standard mode's need to switch into protected mode.
However, if the machine has a hardware EMS board and associated LIM version
4.0 driver installed, any EMS calls made will be serviced by the EMS driver;
however, Windows itself will not use the EMS memory in any way. Only small
frame EMS is supported in protected mode.
In Windows version 3.1, it is possible to start limulators such as QEMM,
386MAX and EMM386 in standard mode. All support for EMS from protected mode
Windows-based applications has been dropped from Windows version 3.1 enhanced
mode. Any INT67H calls made by a Windows application in enhanced mode under
Windows version 3.1 will result in an error being returned.
Enhanced mode is incompatible with preinstalled EMS drivers that cannot be
"shut off" by Windows. If the EMS driver is a limulator that cannot be shut
off, Windows will not be able to run in enhanced mode because the 80386 is
already running in protected mode; limulators that can be shut off respond to
Windows as it boots, turning themselves off and letting Windows manage the
EMS that they had been managing.
Physical LIM memory is not supported by 386 enhanced mode Windows. Software
running in Virtual 8086 mode in any VM (virtual machine), including the
system VM (which contains all the Windows applications), can make LIM version
4.0 calls; however, the calls will be handled by Windows/386, not by any
previously installed LIM driver. No LIM calls are reflected; they are all
handled (error or successful completion) by V86MMGR. As mentioned above, only
small frame EMS is supported in protected mode.
3. Making EMS calls from an application not based on Windows.
If EMS is present, MS-DOS-based applications and other applications not based
on Windows have the full LIM version 4.0 specification available for their
use. Running in enhanced mode, part of the mappable page array may not be
usable; therefore, applications have to be sensitive to what is usable in the
mappable page array and what is not; they cannot assume that all of the
mappable page array is available.
4. Making EMS calls from a Windows-based application.
If EMS is present, the normal small-frame EMS calls work as they do in Windows
version 2.x (that is, applications can make LIM version 3.2 calls plus LIM
version 4.0's realloc function). This allows both Windows versions 2.x and
3.x applications to use EMS memory.
CAUTION: In protected mode, the standard technique of querying for the
presence of an EMS driver by examining the contents of interrupt vector 67H
will fail due to virtualization of memory and virtualization of the IDT
(interrupt description table). Therefore, applications will have to use the
alternate technique of opening a file handle using the name of the EMS device
driver. For more information on these techniques, please consult Chapter 9 of
Ray Duncan's "Advanced MS-DOS" book (Microsoft Press, 1986), which is the
chapter on memory management under MS-DOS. This chapter contains a discussion
on EMS that describes how to check for the presence of an EMS driver.
Windows version 3.x applications that use EMS when running in protected mode
will be slower than non-EMS-using applications, and may run out of memory
faster. If it is necessary to run a Windows version 2.x application that
requires EMS under Windows version 3.x, this can easily be done in enhanced
mode. When designing a new application for Windows version 3.x, however, the
programmer should take advantage of the new protected mode addressing scheme
rather than trying to use EMS.
CAUTION: In protected mode, the value returned as the location of the page
frame is a selector, not a segment. Therefore, applications cannot make any
assumptions about that value. Many EMS-using applications, besides
encountering the inefficiency of using EMS, will probably run into other
restrictions that will not allow them to run in protected mode. For example,
they cannot put code into EMS unless they implement special handling in
protected mode to create a code selector alias for the page frame selector.
For enhanced mode, there are SYSTEM.INI entries that correspond to the same
entries in the .PIF file. The Control Panel does not touch them. We do not
expect many programmers to need to do anything with these at all. See the
PIFEDIT documentation for information on the meanings of possible values.
Example:
; The following variables perform the equivalent of the XMS and
; EMS memory PIF settings for the SYS VM:
;
SYSVMEMSLIMIT Max value (default is -1)
SYSVMEMSREQUIRED Min value (default is -1)
SYSVMEMSLOCKED Is the EMS touched under interrupt or needed
to be in memory at all times for some other
reason? (default is NO)
SYSVMXMSLIMIT Max value (default is -1)
SYSVMXMSREQUIRED Min value (default is -1)
SYSVMXMSLOCKED Is the EMS touched under interrupt or needed
to be in memory at all times for some other
reason? (default is NO)
Related switch:
EMMSIZE Controls the maximum amount of memory
that will be used for EMS across all
VMs (default is -1, no limit).
Additional query words: 3.00 no32bit 3.10
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Keywords : kb16bitonly
Technology : kbAudDeveloper kbWin3xSearch kbSDKSearch kbWinSDKSearch kbWinSDK300 kbWinSDK310
Version : WINDOWS:3.0,3.1
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