(C) Copyright NEMCO 1984 W O R D F L E X Version 2.60  USER'S MANUAL Nemco, 9 Walnut Street Rutherford, New Jersey 07070 (201) 933-4933  -1- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. Introduction..............................2 II. File Handling............................4 III. WORDFLEX Menus and Utilities............6 IV. Cursor and Screen Control................7 V. Entering New Text.........................9 VI. Replacing and Deleting Characters.......13 VII. Text Insertion.........................14 VIII. String Search and Replace.............16 IX. Lines and Blocks of Text................18 X. Printed Output...........................20 XI. Reformatting the Text...................23 XII. Remaining Commands.....................25 XIII. Permanent Modification of Defaults....28 Reference Section...........................29  -2- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual I INTRODUCTION This User's Manual consists of two parts: 13 individual chapters describing functions and options of the WORDFLEX program in a logical sequence, followed by a reference section with a summary of all WORDFLEX commands presented in alphabetical order. The WORDFLEX distribution diskette contains the files tutor1.txt through tutor5.txt which introduce the user to word processing with WORDFLEX in 5 sessions. We recommend beginning your familiarization with WORDFLEX by following the instructions of these screen oriented tutorials. WORDFLEX does all the text editing and formatting in memory; there is no need to execute a separate printing program in order to generate printed output. Up to 640 Kbytes of memory can be utilized; we found that 256 Kbytes are more than adequate for most applications. WORDFLEX requires 128 Kbytes to run. Before a detailed description of all individual functions and features of WORDFLEX is given, a few basic terms used in this Manual will be defined. Text Files: Disk files consisting of (extended) ASCII characters forming lines of a variable length. Each line is terminated with ASCII character 13 (carriage return) and character 10 (linefeed). These files can be displayed and/or printed using the IBM DOS "Type" command. The files can be edited by all word processing or text editing programs using this format (e.g., IBM DOS Edlin program). IBM PC compilers and macro assembler require this format of text files for source programs. The files are compatible with proofreading programs like Aspen Software Proofreader or others. Version 2.60 of WORDFLEX can access files in all directories on all installed drives. The file specification ("filespec") has to have the form "d:path\filename.ext" where "d" stands for drive (a,b,c, etc.). Path specification followed by a backslash is for users of IBM PC DOS Version 2.0. "Filename" has 1 to 8 characters and "ext" can have 1 to 3 characters.  -3- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual Text Buffer: Area in memory reserved for a temporary storage of the edited text. The buffer size is dependent upon the amount of memory installed. The overall buffer area can accommodate up to five individual and independent buffers. The size of each individual buffer is automatically adjusted. Loading file: Transfer of a file from a diskette to the memory buffer. Saving file: Transfer of text from a memory buffer onto a diskette file. Also referred to as "storing a file". Halfscreen of text: 1 - 12 lines of text displayed on a Monochrome or a Color Monitor Screen of text: 1 - 24 lines of text displayed on a Monochrome or a Color Monitor. Screen control keys: Keys of the right hand key cluster of the IBM PC keyboard. Their function as numerical entry keys is disabled. Special function keys: 10 keys of the left hand key cluster marked F1 through F10. Alt function keys: Keys depressed together with the Alt shift key. Ctrl keys: Keys depressed together with the Ctrl shift key.  -4- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual II FILE HANDLING The editing session with WORDFLEX starts by typing "wx filespec". The filespec is a name of an existing file or a file to be created during the session. Five text files can be edited by WORDFLEX in individual buffers marked 1 through 5. Files and their buffers are handled by the following special function keys: F1: consecutive screens of the selected file buffer are displayed automatically for a quick inspection F2: one of the existing file buffers is selected for editing and/or printing F3: file is loaded onto an available buffer. If a file of a name specified does not yet exist on the disk, the buffer is associated with the specified name but a file is not created. F4: contents of the file buffer is stored (saved) on a disk. The stored file can have the name associated with the buffer, or can be given an another name. If the file does not exist, it is created by this command. Alt U: file utility. Provides displays of all accessible directories, allows file rename, file delete and file hide/unhide. Users of IBM PC DOS Version 2.0 can also change current subdirectory. The file utility invoked by Alt U allows listing of hidden files along with not hidden files. All files (hidden and not hidden) can be renamed. Deletion, however, can be performed on not hidden files only. Hidden files have to be "unhidden" before deletion. The utility uses command similar to the corresponding ones of the DOS. Global characters in file specifications (*,?), however, are not accepted for rename, hide/unhide and deletion. They are accepted for selective directory listings. Users of DOS Version 2.0 can move files from one subdirectory into another by specifying a different path in the rename command.  -5- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual WORDFLEX has a provision for editing files larger than the available buffer size. When only about 3 Kbytes of memory remain available to the text buffer, the loading of a file stops and the user is given an option to store the remaining portion of the original file as an auxiliary file with the same name and the suffix ".wxb". The first portion of the file is then renamed by replacing its original suffix with ".wxa". This portion of the original file can be then edited using the remaining available memory. In order to edit the overflow file, the auxiliary file (.wxa) should be stored and WORDFLEX reinitialized by the Alt Z command. File .wxb can then be loaded and edited. The two files can be concatenated using the "copy" command. With 256 Kbytes of memory installed, this operation should almost never occur. The session is terminated by pressing F10. Two warnings are shown before the program terminates. There is no way to recover the contents of a buffer not saved on a file during an editing session. In Version 2.60 of WORDFLEX, the Ctrl Break combination is used to stop output to a printer. It will not abort the program. The only way to terminate a session other than pressing F10 is to reboot the computer.  -6- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual III WORDFLEX MENUS AND UTILITIES The program was designed to use as much of the CRT display screen for text manipulation as possible. Only the topmost row is reserved by WORDFLEX for brief messages and prompts. This line, referred to in this Manual as the command line, is displayed in various color combinations on a Color Monitor and in reversed video (black on green background) on a monochrome Monitor. WORDFLEX utilizes 24 out of 25 lines of each display screen for manipulation of the edited text which appears almost exactly as it will be printed. WORDFLEX has 5 utilities, some of them with their own menus of options. Upon invoking any of the utilities shown below, the current edited text is replaced with the special displays generated by these commands. The text, however, is not affected by these displays and is shown again upon exit from these commands. Alt A: displays options available to the user who does not want to use the default or current values of these options Alt H: displays file help.txt containing a summary of all WORDFLEX commands Alt O: displays menu of printing options Alt S: displays current status of editing Alt U: displays file handling options (see II) The utilities display a menu of options with their current values. The term TRUE is used if an option is in effect. FALSE indicates that the option is disabled. All options will be described in the context of commands on which they have an effect.  -7- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual IV CURSOR AND SCREEN CONTROL All word processing programs move through the text to perform local editing operations by controlling the position within the text of the cursor, i.e. the blinking underline that is always present on the IBM PC screen. WORDFLEX uses the special keys of the right hand cluster to perform cursor and screen control. Their function as numerical entry keys is disabled; the Num Lock key has no effect in WORDFLEX. Some older programs rewritten from their 8 bit versions use Ctrl keys for this purpose; there is no need for that since the IBM PC keyboard was designed with screen oriented word processing in mind. The cursor is moved within one screen horizontally or vertically using the four arrow keys of the right hand keypad. This is denoted as "cursor mode" on the topmost WORDFLEX command line. It is the default mode of operation. The following cursor control functions are available in the cursor mode using these keys: left, right arrow key - moves one character either left or right up, down arrow key - moves one line either up or down The cursor can be also moved more quickly along a line using the combination of Ctrl and horizontal arrow keys. In this mode, the cursor always moves to the beginning of a word. A word is defined as a sequence of characters delimited by spaces: Ctrl left arrow key - moves one word left Ctrl right arrow key - moves one word right Even faster movement of the cursor is accomplished using the Home and End keys: Home key - moves to column 1 of the current line End key - moves one space beyond the end of text on the current line or to the end of the line if the line has reached the maximum length Finally, the cursor can be moved within entire screen: Ctrl Home - moves to column 1 row 1 of the screen Ctrl End - moves to column 1 of the last row of text Cursor mode limits the text handling to one screen, as defined above. Clearly, there has to be a way to handle more than 24 lines of text.  -8- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual WORDFLEX uses two methods of displaying lengthy texts: one which is similar to unfolding of a scroll - i.e. scrolling continuously line by line and another, similar to flipping of pages of book. There can be some confusion what the word page means in the context of word processing. The IBM PC keyboard has two keys marked Pg Up and Pg Dn. WORDFLEX uses these keys to advance or to the next halfscreen of the text (Pg Up) or to return to the previous halfscreen (Pg Dn). Ctrl Pg Up and Ctrl Pg Dn will advance to the next full screen (24 lines) or return by 24 lines, respectively. These "page flipping" functions do not depend on the setting of the cursor mode or the scroll mode. In this Manual, the term page will be used for a printed page, usually 40 to 60 lines (single spaced). 1 to 24 lines of a CRT display will be referred to as a "screen". Scrolling of the text is defined as a movement, one line at a time, of the text up or down. The IBM PC keyboard has a special key, the Scroll Lock key which WORDFLEX uses to toggle (i.e., to turn on and off) the "scroll mode". The command line indicates whether the cursor or scroll mode is in effect. In the scroll mode the keys of the right hand keypad have the following functions: vertical arrow keys - scroll up or down Ctrl Home key - displays the first screen of the current file buffer Ctrl End key - displays the last screen of the current file buffer There is an additional cursor control command: Alt I - moves cursor to the left margin The left and right margins are displayed as red (normal video on the Monochrome) bars on the command line. The left margin is set by default to column 1, the right margin to the column corresponding to the maximum line length (64 characters for a newly created file buffer). The margins are reset by the Alt L (left margin) or Alt W (right margin) commands to the current cursor position. Right margin (maximum line length) can be also changed by option "b" of the Alt A command.  -9- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual V ENTERING NEW TEXT Entering new text into an empty file buffer is the most frequent word processing application. Therefore, WORDFLEX makes the creation of new text as easy as possible. Simply type in the new text which will appear in cyan color (on color displays) or in high intensity (on monochrome). There is no need to press the enter key at the end of a line since automatic word wrap is always in effect. Pressing of the enter key terminates a line at its present length. If there were no characters entered on a line, an empty line is created. Empty lines are used to separate paragraphs of text. WORDFLEX refers to a group of lines delimited by empty lines as a paragraph. As it will be shown later, some WORDFLEX commands operate on individual paragraphs of text only. When the cursor moves into the next line, possibly with the beginning of a word that did not fit into the previous line, the display of the previous line returns to green (normal intensity on monochrome) to indicate that the line has been copied into the memory text buffer. Three different text display attributes are used consist- ently in WORDFLEX. Text stored in a memory buffer is displayed in green (normal intensity in monochrome). New, replaced or inserted text is displayed in cyan (high intensity in monochrome). Text that has been moved by insertion or deletion is displayed in yellow (underlined in monochrome). In addition, the command line indicates that a change of text took place on the screen. This is useful in situations when, for instance, a part of the text has been replaced with spaces, leaving no indication that a screen modification took place. The message on the command line serves as a reminder that the contents of the screen display has to be finalized before many WORDFLEX commands can be executed. WORDFLEX takes full advantage of the fact that the screen display is a part of the IBM PC memory. The initial storage and manipulation of text takes place in the display memory only. As mentioned above, change of the display to green (normal intensity) indicates that a transfer from the display to the buffer took place. Adding text to an existing file (appending text) is done the same way as entering new text. The simplest way to append text to the end of an existing buffer is to toggle in the scroll mode and to press Ctrl End. The cursor moves to the beginning of the last line of the existing text. All that has to be done then is to press the enter key and to continue typing in additional text.  -10- WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual There is a significant difference between selecting the automatic right justify mode, or settling for creation of text with lines of lengths not exceeding the specified (or default) value. The automatic right justification is convenient for documents that will not be extensively edited or modified in the future. For drafts, on the other hand, the automatic right justification is not very practical. Another important WORDFLEX feature that has to be selected before starting to enter, append and/or insert a new text is the left margin adjustment. There is no need to move the left margin, whose position is indicated by the red (normal video) bar displayed on the command line, for the bulk of the text. As it will be explained later, any additional left margins for printed output can be selected by one of the Alt A options. WORDFLEX Version 2.60 User's Manual 1t U‹ì‹FŽØ‹v ‹F ŽÀ‹~‹NñNùOýó¤ü]Ê U‹ì‹F ŽÀ‹~ ‹N‹FŠàüÑéó«sª]ÊU‹ì‹F F‹n‰F¸r@]ÊU‹ì‹F ÷f‹n‰F¸r@]Ê