01




                             WARRANTY STATEMENT

   No warranty of any kind is offered or implied for use of the programs
   contained on this Demonstration Diskette. Those who choose to register
   their use of the SPPC under the "Share" option will be granted a limited
   warranty with their updated diskette.
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                           Learning About  S P P C

   The SPPC is a fully interactive statistical program that enables you to 
   enter, manage, and analyze simple and complex sets of data. In order to 
   use the SPPC, you must enter your data and store it on a diskette or 
   hard disk file. You can then conduct any statistical analysis that is
   available.

   The statistical procedures that are available through the SPPC are rather
   extensive. You can perform simple descriptive statistics, a wide range of 
   parametric and non-parametric tests, several types of simple and complex
   regression analysis, several types of factor analysis, and more. You can 
   examine the full range of the various statistical analyses that are avail-
   able by choosing the 'Analyze data' option on the main menu and then look-
   ing within the various menus that are then provided to you.

   A truly unique feature of the SPPC is its very high degree of 'user friend-
   liness.' You hardly need a manual of any kind in order to make full use of
   the SPPC because of the extensive set of 'Help' instructions. That is, you
   can obtain assistance at any time you see "Help = ?" on your screen. At
   those points just press the ? key (i.e., Shift ?).
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                                  DATA INPUT

   Although some of the procedures in the SPPC allow you to enter data from 
   the keyboard, its real power arises from the fact that it will process 
   truly large data files. If you have a very large number of cases in a set
   of data you may wish to store the data in two or more files that have 
   different names. If you wish to do that, the SPPC programs that accept raw
   data files will also accept continuation files and continue to process your
   data. You may use as many continuation files as you wish and they may con-
   tinue over two or more diskettes.

   Should you choose to use continuation files, it is ESSENTIAL that they each
   have exactly the same format or structure. While each may have a different
   number of 'cases', each MUST have the same number of variables in the same
   order and possessing the same names.
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                                  MISSING VALUES

   Each of the SPPC programs that processes raw data from keyboard or from
   disk files will also permit the processing of a missing values code. The
   missing values code that you select MUST be a positive or negative real
   number. It cannot be a character. Thus, for example, if your data file
   contains both positive and negative values you might wish to use as your
   missing values code some extremely large value that will always exceed
   the value of valid numeric data -- like, say, 1.0E88 (entered as 1e88).
   On the other hand, if you know that all your valid data values are posi-
   tive numbers, you might wish to use as your missing values code a number
   as simple as, say, -1. You may use any real number as your missing values
   code. The default value is always set to 1e88.
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                              CREATING DATA FILES

   An especially convenient feature of the SPPC arises from the fact that you
   can create your data files by using any text editor or word processing
   program that stores text files as true ASCII data. Or, you can create data
   files by using the procedures available through the 'Manage data' option.

   If you choose to create data files by using a text editor or word process-
   ing program, be sure it does not store a carriage return in your file.

      (Note: You may return to the main menu at any time by pressing
       the = key. Press the space bar to continue.)
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   Basically, the SPPC allows for the processing of three types of data:

     (1)  Data provided by keyboard input for a small number of procedures,
     (2)  Raw-score data files stored on diskette or hard disk, and
     (3)  Summary data files stored on diskette or hard disk.

   The next page provides instruction for constructing a data file by use
   of a text editor or word processing program.
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                        CREATING A RAW SCORE DATA FILE

   1. The first line of any input file MUST consist of a "header" statement
      that contains at least one non-blank character. Ordinarily this first
      line (up to 80 characters) is used to document the file. It may contain
      any message that you wish. If the first line of your file is completely
      blank, the file will not be read. However, blank lines may be used to 
      separate subsequent data lines.

   2. The next data line of the input file must contain three entries: the
      sample size, the number of variables, and the "data type". "Data type"
      must equal "r" or "R" for a raw score data file. For example, if you
      were to enter a raw data file based on a sample size of 308 and having
      19 variables, the second line of the input file would be shown as:

      308 19 R

      These three "values" may be placed anywhere on the line provided they 
      are in the order of "Sample Size, Number of Variables", and "Data Type"
      and provided they are separated by at least one blank space.
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   3. The next one or more lines of your input data file MUST contain names
      for your variables -- one name for each variable -- shown in the order
      in which the variables are entered. Each name may consist of one to 
      fifteen characters, but each variable must be named. Each name must be 
      separated by at least one blank space.

   4. The lines following the variable names must contain the raw score
      values of the variables. Each value must be separated by at least
      one blank space. The data line(s) for each case should begin on a
      new line. Each data value may have as many decimal positions as 
      desired, but no more than 15 will be used by the program.

      The next page shows a complete example of a raw data file.
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 The LONGLEY Raw Data: Byte Magazine (Nov. 1983), pp. 560-570 
 16 7 R 
 Employed  GNP_Deflator  GNP  Unemployed  Armed_Forces  Population  Year 
 60.323   83.0  234.289  235.6  159.0  107.608  1947
 61.122   88.5  259.426  232.5  145.6  108.632  1948
 60.171   88.2  258.054  368.2  161.6  109.773  1949
 61.187   89.5  284.599  335.1  165.0  110.929  1950
 63.221   96.2  328.975  209.9  309.9  112.075  1951
 63.639   98.1  346.999  193.2  359.4  113.270  1952
 64.989   99.0  365.385  187.0  354.7  115.094  1953
 63.761  100.0  363.112  357.8  335.0  116.219  1954
 66.019  101.2  397.469  290.4  304.8  117.388  1955
 67.857  104.6  419.180  282.2  285.7  118.734  1956
 68.169  108.4  442.769  293.6  279.8  120.445  1957
 66.513  110.8  444.546  468.1  263.7  121.950  1958
 68.655  112.6  482.704  381.3  255.2  123.366  1959
 69.564  114.2  502.601  393.1  251.4  125.368  1960
 69.331  115.7  518.173  480.6  257.2  127.852  1961
 70.551  116.9  554.894  400.7  282.7  130.081  1962 
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                          CREATING A SUMMARY DATA FILE

   1. The first line of any input file MUST consist of a "header" statement
      that contains at least one non-blank character. Ordinarily this first
      line (up to 80 characters) is used to document the file. It may contain
      any message that you wish. If the first line of your file is completely
      blank, the file will not be read. However, blank lines may be used to 
      separate subsequent data lines.

   2. The next data line of the input file must contain three entries; the
      sample size, the number of variables, and the "data type". "Data type"
      must equal "s" or "S" for a summary data file. For example, if you were
      to enter a summary data file based on a sample size of 308 and having
      19 variables, the second line of the input file would be shown as:

      308 19 S

      These three "values" may be placed anywhere on the line provided they 
      are in the order of "Sample Size, Number of Variables", and "Data Type"
      and provided they are separated by at least one blank space.
*

   3. The next one or more lines of your input data file MUST contain names
      for your variables -- one name for each variable -- shown in the order
      in which the variables are entered. Each name may consist of one to 
      fifteen characters, but each variable must be named. Each name must be
      separated by at least one blank space.

   4. The next one or more lines of your summary data file must contain the 
      variable means (one for each variable), and each must be separated by 
      at least one blank space.

   5. The next one or more lines of your summary data file must contain the
      variable standard deviations (one for each variable), and each must be
      separated by at least one blank space.

   6. The next one or more lines of your summary data file must contain all
      of the correlations among the variables. However, you must enter ONLY
      the upper triangular portion of the correlation matrix. Each correlation
      must be separated by at least one blank space.
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   You should note that whenever you use a summary data file All standard 
   deviations MUST be unbiased estimates, i.e., they must be computed using
   N-1 in the denominator. 

   All means, standard deviations, and correlations should be entered with 
   as many decimal positions of accuracy as are available to you. However,
   decimal positions beyond 15 will be ignored.

   An illustration of a complete summary input data file is shown on the next
   page.
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  This is the "header" line for a summary data file.
  308 4 S
  Depression  Self_Esteem  Income  Education
  45.87  61.36  11842.34  15.6        (Means)
  11.67  8.98  897.34  3.6            (Standard Deviations)
   1.0000  0.7436  0.1247  0.2178     (Correlations)
           1.0000  0.1742  0.0921
                   1.0000  0.4634
                           1.0000
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   When entering correlations into a summary file they do not have to be
   entered in 'triangular' patterns as shown in the previous screen. The
   triangular pattern was presented to highlight the fact that you must
   enter the upper triangular portion of the correlation matrix. The above
   correlations could as well have been entered as follows:

   1.0000  0.7436  0.1247  0.2178 1.0000  0.1742  0.0921 1.0000  0.4634
   1.0000
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   That's about all you need to know about the SPPC for the moment. Extensive
   instruction is available at precisely the times and places when you need
   it.
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