;SQR_T.ASM 10-14-83 ; ;PROGRAM TO TAKE KEYBOARD INPUT AND CALCULATE THE SQUARE ;ROOT USING THE SQ ROOT ROUTINE, THEN DISPLAY THE RESULT ; EXTRN ASCII_BIN:FAR ;EXTERNAL SUBROUTINE EXTRN BIN_ASCII:FAR ;EXTERNAL SUBROUTINE EXTRN DEC_ADJ:FAR ;EXTERNAL SUBROUTINE EXTRN PUT_DEC:FAR ;--------------------------------------- STACK SEGMENT PARA STACK 'STACK' DB 256 DUP(0) STACK ENDS ;---------------------------------------- DATA SEGMENT PARA 'DATA' ESC EQU 27 ;ESC USED TO RETURN TO DOS END_SYM EQU '\' ;SYMBOL AT END OF STRING SC_TITLE DB 'INTEGER SQUARE ROOT ROUTINE\' TYPE_NUM DB 'FOR A POSITIVE NUMBER FROM 0 TO 32767\' INPUT_NUM DB 'INPUT TEST NUMBER \' COL_HEADER DB 'TEST NUMBER SQ ROOT\' UNDERLINE DB '----------- --------\' ERR_MSG1 DB 'NOT VALID NUMBER - REDO \' ERR_MSG2 DB 'NUMBER TOO LARGE - REDO \' ERR_MSG3 DB 'NEGATIVE NUMBER - REDO\' BLANKS DB ' \' ;25 BLANKS TEST_STRING DB 10 DUP(0) TEST_NUMBER DW 0 ;THE TEST_STRING CONVERTED TO A NUMBER CHAR_COUNT DW 0 ;NO. OF CHARS IN A STRING - CX IN BIOS CALL SQ_ROOT_VALUE DW 0 ;CALUCLATED SQ ROOT VALUE SQ_ROOT_STRING DB ' \' ;STRING TO PUT CAL VALUE IN FOR DISP OFFSET_VALUE DW 0 INPUT_LARGE DW 0 ;STATUS PASSING INDICATOR INPUT_STATUS DW 0 ;STATUS PASSING INDICATOR DEC_POINT DW 0 test1 db 'test4\' test2 db 'test2\' test3 db 'test3\' TEST_NUM_CNT DB 10 DUP (0) ;STRING TO USE IN FINDING WHERE DECIMAL WAS TEST_NUMBER_SIZE DW 0 ;INDICATOR IF TEST_NUMBER <1 OR >1 data ends ;---------------------------------------- CODE SEGMENT PARA PUBLIC 'CODE' START PROC FAR ; ;STANDARD PROGRAM PROLOGUE ; ASSUME CS:CODE PUSH DS MOV AX,0 PUSH AX MOV AX,DATA MOV DS,AX ASSUME DS:DATA CALL CLEAR_THE_SCREEN ;PUT STRING OF SCREEN ;IF COLOR GRAPHICS MAKE SURE IS MODE 2 MOV AH,15 INT 10H CMP AL,7 ;IS IT MONOCHROME? JE SCREEN_MODE_OK ;YES CMP AL,2 ;NOT MONO, IS MODE 2? JE SCREEN_MODE_OK ;YES MOV AH,0 ;NOT MODE 2 SO MAKE IT MOV AL,2 ; MODE 2 INT 10H SCREEN_MODE_OK: ;SC_TITLE MOV AH,2 ;CALL TO SET CURSOR POSITION MOV DX,0112H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET SC_TITLE ;PUT SC_TITLE ADDRESS IN BX MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX ;PUT ADDRESS IN VARIABLE CALL DISPLAY ;TYPE_NUM MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0210H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET TYPE_NUM MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX ;PUT ADDRESS IN VARIABLE CALL DISPLAY ;INPUT_NUM MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0310H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET INPUT_NUM MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX CALL DISPLAY ;COL_HEADER MOV AH,2 ;CALL TO SET CURSOR POSITION MOV DX,0510H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX, OFFSET COL_HEADER MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX ;PUT ADDRESS IN VARIABLE CALL DISPLAY ;UNDERLINE MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0610H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET UNDERLINE MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX CALL DISPLAY ;POSITION CURSOR FOR KEYBOARD INPUT INPUT: ;CLEAR_INPUT_AREA MOV AH,2 MOV DH,3 MOV DL,25H MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BH,0 MOV CX,30 ;blank 30 spaces MOV AH,10 ;WRITE CHAR AT CURSOR LOCATION MOV AL,' ' ;BLANK INT 10H ;clear test_string LEA SI,TEST_STRING mov cx,10 ;TEST STRING IS 10 CHAR LONG next_char: MOV BYTE PTR [SI],' ' inc SI dec cx cmp cx,0 JA next_char ;SCROLL PART OF SCREEN DOWN TOO BET READY FOR NEXT INPUT MOV AH,7 ;SCROLL ACTIVE PAGE DOWN MOV AL,1 ;NUMBER OF LINES MOV CH,7 ;UPPER LINE TO SCROLL MOV CL,0 ;LEFT COLUMN OF SCROLL MOV DH,23 ;LOWER LINE OF SCROLL MOV DL,79 ;RIGHT COLUMN OF SCROLL MOV BH,0FH ;ATTRIBUTE OF BLANK LINE INT 10H ;DO IT MOV INPUT_LARGE,0 ;SET TO ZERO AT START-UNDER 65384 MOV INPUT_STATUS,0 ;SET TO ZERO AT START-NUMBERS MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0325H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H CALL READ_KEYS ;PUT THE TEST_NUMBER UNDER THE TEST NUMBER COLUMN HEADING MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0711H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET TEST_STRING MOV CX,10 PUT_TEST_NUMBER: MOV AL,[BX] ;PUT STRING CHAR IN AX MOV AH,14 ;FUNCTION CODE FOR WRITE AND ADVANCE CURSOR INT 10H INC BX ;NEXT CHARACTER IN STRING LOOP PUT_TEST_NUMBER ;PUT ALL OF STRING + BLANKS ;PREPAIR TO CALL ASCII_BIN ROUTINE ;PUT STARTING ADDRESS OF STRING IN BX ;PUT CHARACTER COUNT IN CX MOV BX,OFFSET TEST_STRING MOV CX,CHAR_COUNT CALL ASCII_BIN ;CONVERT STRING TO NUMBER JC CARRY_SET ;GO CHECK WHY MOV TEST_NUMBER,AX ;SAVE TEST NUMBER MOV DEC_POINT,DX ;SAVE DECIMAL POINT CMP AX,0 ;CHECK FOR NEGATIVE JGE NUM_OK ;NUMBER IS GOOD-GO DO SQ ROOT MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0730H ;CURSOR POSITION INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET ERR_MSG3 ;NEGITIVE NUMBER MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX CALL DISPLAY JMP INPUT ;NEXT KEYBOARD INPUT BAD_CHAR: MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0730H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET ERR_MSG1 ;NOT VALID INPUT MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX CALL DISPLAY JMP INPUT ;GO GET NEXT KEYBOARD INPUT CARRY_SET: cmp di,0ffh ;check for bad character jne bad_char MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0730H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET ERR_MSG2 MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX CALL DISPLAY JMP INPUT ;NOT VALID, GO GET NEW INPUT NUM_OK: ;ADJUST NUMBER FOR SQUART ROOT ROUTING BY MAKING NUMBER AS LARGE AS ;POSSIBLE, BUT LESS THEN 32768, BY MULTIPLYING BY 10 AND CHANGINE ;DECIMAL POINT TO MATCH. ; CALL DEC_ADJ WITH AX = NUMBER - 16 BIT SIGNED ; CX = NUMBER OF CHARACTERS TO RIGHT OF DECIMAL POINT ;RETURN WITH AX = NUMBER AND CX = NUMBER OF CHARACTERS TO RIGHT ;OF DECIMAL POINT THAT TOGETHER = OLD NUMBER ; NOTE CX WILL BE A EVEN NUMBER MOV AX,TEST_NUMBER MOV CX,DEC_POINT CALL DEC_ADJ MOV TEST_NUMBER,AX ;NOW READY TO CALCULATE SQUARE ROOT. AX IS TO CONTAIN THE TEST ;NUMBER WHEN THE SQ_ROOT ROUTINE IS CALLED AND AX WILL CONTAIN ;THE CALCULATED SQ ROOT ON RET. MOV AX,CX ;PUT DEC POINT IN AX FOR DIVIDE CWD MOV BX,2 DIV BX MOV DEC_POINT,AX ;STORE SQ ROOT OF DEC POINT MOV AX,TEST_NUMBER ;PUT NUMBER IN AX CALL SQ_ROOT MOV SQ_ROOT_VALUE,AX ;SAVE THE CALCULATED SQ ROOT VALUE ;CONVERT THE SQ_ROOT VALUE TO ASCII STRING AND PUT UNDER THE ;SQ ROOT HEADING ;CONVERT THE NUMBER TO A ASCII STRING MOV BX,OFFSET SQ_ROOT_STRING ;PLACE TO PUT RESULT CALL BIN_ASCII ;ON RETURN BX HOLDS ADDRESS OF THE STRING AND CX THE COUNT ;POSITION DECIMAL POINT IN SQ ROOT STRING ; CALL PUT_DEC WITH ; AX = 10 SIZE OF STRING ; BX = OFFSET OF ASCII STRING ; CX = NUMBER OF CHARACTERS IN STRING ; DX = NUMBER OF CHARACTERS TO RIGHT OF DECIMAL ;RETURN IS WITH DECIMAL IN STRING AT BX MOV AX,10 MOV DX,DEC_POINT CALL PUT_DEC ;SQ_ROOT_STRING NOW CONTAINS THE ANSWER READY FOR DISPLAY MOV AH,2 MOV DX,0728H ;CURSOR POSITION MOV BH,0 INT 10H MOV BX,OFFSET SQ_ROOT_STRING MOV OFFSET_VALUE,BX CALL DISPLAY JMP INPUT ;READY FOR AN OTHER KEYBOARD INPUT START ENDP ;------------------------------------------ CLEAR_THE_SCREEN PROC NEAR PUSH AX PUSH BX PUSH CX PUSH DX STI ;ENABLE INTERRUPTS MOV AH,0 ;SELECT 80X25, B/W, ALPHANUMERIC INT 10H MOV AH,6 ;CLEAR THE SCREEN WITH THE SCROLL MOV AL,0 ; UP OPTION MOV CX,0 MOV DH,24 MOV DL,79 MOV BH,7 INT 10H POP DX POP CX POP BX POP AX RET ;RETURN TO CALLER CLEAR_THE_SCREEN ENDP ;------------------------------------------ DISPLAY PROC NEAR ;GET THE CHARACTER COUNT MOV CHAR_COUNT,0 ;SET TO 0 FOR THIS STRING MOV BX,OFFSET_VALUE ;GET OFFSET OF STRING IN BX XOR AX,AX LOOP_COUNT: MOV AL,[BX] ;PUT STRING CHAR IN AL CMP AL,END_SYM ;IS THIS LAST SYMBOL IN STRING? JE DISP1 INC BX ;ADDRESS OF NEXT CHARACTER IN STRING ADD CHAR_COUNT,1 ;COUNT OF CHARACTERS IN STRING JMP LOOP_COUNT ;DO UNTIL END_SYM ENCOUNTERED ;PUT THE STRING ON THE SCREEN DISP1: MOV BX,OFFSET_VALUE ;GET OFFSET OF STRING IN BX MOV CX,CHAR_COUNT ;NO. OF CHARACTERS IN STRING DISP2: MOV AL,[BX] ;GET NEXT CHARACTER CALL DISPCHAR INC BX ;POINT TO NEXT CHARACTER LOOP DISP2 ;DO IT CX TIMES RET DISPLAY ENDP ;--------------------------------------------------------- DISPCHAR PROC NEAR PUSH BX MOV BX,0 ;SELECT DISPLAY PAGE 0 MOV AH,14 ;FUNCTION CODE FOR 'WRITE' INT 10H ;CALL BIOS POP BX RET DISPCHAR ENDP ;-------------------------------------------------------- READ_KEYS PROC NEAR PUSH AX PUSH DI STI ;ENABLE INTERRUPTS MOV AH,15 ;READ DISPLAY PAGE NUMBER INTO BX INT 10H MOV DI,0 ;SET KEY COUNT TO ZERO MOV CX,5 ;UP TO 5 KEY STROKES GET_KEY: MOV AH,0 ;READ NEXT KEY INT 16H CMP AL,ESC ;IS IT ESC? JE GO_EXIT ;RETURN TO DOS IN TWO STEPS(JE SHORT-LABEL ONLY) CMP AL,0DH ;IS IT A CARRIAGE RETURN? JE SAVE_CNT ;IF IT WAS A CARRIAGE RETURN THEN GO TO NEXT STEP MOV TEST_STRING[DI],AL ;STORE THE KEY INPUT INC DI ;INCREASE THE KEY COUNT MOV AH,14 ;DISPLAY THE CHARACTER PUSH DI ;SAVE REGISTER INT 10H POP DI LOOP GET_KEY ;GO GET NEXT KEY SAVE_CNT: MOV CX,DI ;PUT FINAL KEY COUNT IN CX MOV CHAR_COUNT,CX ;STORE NO OF CHARS IN STRING LEA BX,TEST_STRING ;BUFFER ADDRESS IN BX POP DI POP AX RET ;RETURN TO CALLER GO_EXIT: POP DI POP AX POP AX JMP EXIT ;RETURN TO DOS READ_KEYS ENDP ;---------------------------------------------------------- ;----------------------------------------------------------------- ; ;------------------------------------------------------------- ;---------------------------------------------------------------- ;INTEGER SQUARE ROOT ; CALL WITH AX = ARGUMENT ; RETURN AX = SQUARE ROOT ; SQ_ROOT PROC SQRT: PUSH BX PUSH CX PUSH DX MOV DX,AX ;ARGUMENT INTO DX MOV CX,8 ;NUMBER OF ITERATIONS XOR BX,BX ;CLEAR THE REMAINDER MOV AX,BX ;CLEAR TRIAL VALUE AND FINAL RESULT STORE SQRT1: SHL BX,1 ;DOUBLE PARTIAL RESULT INC BX ;GUESS NEXT BIT IS A 1 SHL DX,1 ;FETCH 2 NEW BITS RCL AX,1 ; FROM ARGUMENT SHL DX,1 RCL AX,1 SUB AX,BX ;DO A TRIAL SUBTRACTION JNC SQRT2 ;GUESS WAS RIGHT ; APPEND A 1 BIT ADD AX,BX ;GUESS WAS WRONG, PUT IT BACK DEC BX ;AND CLEAN UP FOR NEXT PASS LOOP SQRT1 JMP SQRT3 ;GO SCALE RESULT SQRT2: INC BX ;CONVERT xxxx01 to ;xxxx10, i.e. append a 1 bit loop sqrt1 SQRT3: SAR BX,1 ;DIVIDE BY 2 TO GET ;ACTUAL SQUARE ROOT MOV AX,BX ;RETURN RESULT IN AX POP DX POP CX POP BX RET ;RETURN TO CALLER SQ_ROOT ENDP ;-------------------------------------------------------------------- EXIT_TO_DOS PROC FAR EXIT: RET ;RETURN TO DOS EXIT_TO_DOS ENDP ;---------------------------------------------------------- CODE ENDS END START _^ZY[XϋWVRQSP^6CCX]]ҊFPA^;~ ZP