  The Linux Danish/International HOWTO
  Thomas Petersen, petersen@risoe.dk
  v1.0, 9 March 1995

  This document describes how to configure Linux and various Linux
  applications for use with the Danish characterset and keyboard. It is
  hoped that Linux users from other places in Western Europe will find
  this document of use too.

  1.  Introduction

  All European users of almost any operating system have two problems:
  The first is to tell the OS that you have a non-american keyboard, and
  the second is to get the OS to display the special letters.

  Under Linux you change the way your computer interprets the keyboard
  with the commands xmodmap and loadkeys. loadkeys will modify the
  keyboard for plain Linux while 'xmodmap' makes the modifications
  necessary when the handshaking between X and Linux is imperfect.

  To display the characters you need to tell your applications that you
  use the ISO-8859-Latin-1 international set of glyphs. Mostly this is
  not necessary, but a number of key applications need special
  attention.

  This Mini-Howto is intended to tell Danish users how to do this, but
  will hopefully be of help to many other people.

  If you continue to have troubles after reading this you should try the
  German HOWTO,  the Keystroke HOWTO for Linux or the ISO 8859-1 FAQ.
  They have tips for many applications. Many of the hints contained
  herein are cribbed from there. The HOWTOs are available from all
  respectable mirrors of sunsite.unc.edu while the ISO 8859-1 FAQ is
  available from ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at in /pub/8bit/FAQ-ISO-8859-1.


  2.  Keyboard setup





  2.1.  Loading a Danish keytable


  Keyboard mappings are in /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/.  Try typing either
  of these two commands to load one


       /usr/bin/loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk.map
       /usr/bin/loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-lat1.map




  The difference between the two lines is that dk-lat1.map uses `dead'
  keys while dk.map doesn't.  Dead keys are explained in section ``Dead-
  Keys''.

  You can change the keymapping loaded at boot by editing the file
  /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap.

  If this doesn't work you simply haven't installed support for
  international keyboards.


  2.2.  Getting the AltGr key to work under X


  Edit the file /etc/Xconfig (under XFree86 2.0) or /etc/X11/XF86Config
  (underXFree86 3.x) and make sure the line


         RightAlt    ModeShift




  appears in the Keyboard section. Usually you can do this by uncomment-
  ing an appropriate line.


  2.3.  Dead keys and accented characters


  Dead keys are those who don't type anything until you hit another key.
  Tildes and umlauts are like this by default under Microsoft Windows
  and if you use the dk-lat1.map keymap under Linux.


  2.3.1.  Removing dead key functionality

  Under plain Linux type


       loadkeys dk.map





  2.3.2.  Invoking dead key functionality


  o  Invoking dead key functionality under plain Linux


     Under plain Linux type


       loadkeys dk-lat1.map





  o  Invoking dead key functionality under X11R5 sessions


     Insert the following lines in a file ~/.Xmodmap or /etc/X11/Xmodmap


       keycode 21 = acute      Dgrave_accent           bar
       keycode 35 = Ddiaeresis Dcircumflex_accent      Dtilde




  You can now make  the dead keys work by typing (e.g.)  xmodmap
  .Xmodmap. Using the Slackware distribution this commando will be auto-
  matically executed next time you run X.

  o  Invoking dead key functionality under X11R6 sessions


     Under X11R6 applications dead keys won't work unless they were
     compiled with support for unusual input methods. The only
     application reported to do so is kterm - an xterm substitute.
     Eventually the situation might improve, but as it is you can't do
     much but revert to X11R5 or hack every application you own. Do not
     attempt the method described for X11R5.




  2.4.  Making oe (oslash) OE (Ooblique) and the dollar sign work



  2.4.1.  oe (oslash) and OE (Ooblique)

  Find out what keymap you load at boot-up. You should be able to find
  out by typing less /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap.  On my computer it is called
  /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-lat1.map. Find the line for keycode 40 in
  this file and change it from


       keycode  40 = cent              yen




  to


       keycode  40 = oslash            Ooblique




  and load the keytable as described in section ``LoadKeys''.

  Note: This bug appears to have been fixed in version 0.88 of the
  international keytable package.


  2.4.2.  Dollar sign

  The dollar sign is accessed with Shift-4 instead of AltGr-4 by
  default. You can fix this by changing the line


       keycode   5 = four             dollar           dollar




  in the keymap file to e.g.


       keycode   5 = four             asciicircum      dollar




  It doesn't matter if you something else instead asciicircum if it is
  just a valid symbol name.  See section ``Glyphs'' for a list of valid
  symbols.
  3.  Display and application setup



  3.1.  International character sets in specific applications

  A number of applications demand special attention. This section
  descibes how to set up configuration filesfor them.


  o  bash v.1.13+ : Put the following in your .inputrc file


       set meta-flag on
       set convert-meta off
       set output-meta on





  o  tcsh: Put the following in your /etc/csh.login or .tcshrc file


       setenv LC_CTYPE ISO-8859-1
       stty pass8





  o  less: Set the following environment variable


       LESSCHARSET=latin1





  o  elm: Set the following environment variables


       LANG=C
       LC_CTYPE=ISO-8859-1





  o  emacs: Put the following in your .emacs or the /usr/lib/emacs/site-
     lisp/default.el file:


       (standard-display-european t)

       (set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode))
               (nth 1 (current-input-mode))
               0)





  o  TeX / LaTeX: Cribbed from the ISO 8859-1 FAQ by Michael Gschwind
     <mike@vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at>:
     In LaTeX 2.09, use


       \documentstyle[isolatin]{article}




  to include support for ISO latin1 characters. In LaTeX2e, the commands


       \documentclass{article}
       \usepackage{isolatin}




  will do the job.  isolatin.sty is available from all CTAN servers and
  from URL ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit.


  3.2.  What characters you can display under Linux

  Type dumpkeys -l | less at the prompt to find out what is readily
  available. You can map them to your keyboard via the keymap files
  mentioned in section ``LoadKeys''.

  X11R5 Note: The dead keys don't get the correct names under X11R5 with
  this scheme. Generally

       dead_* (under plain Linux) => D* or D*_accent (under X11R5)


  (i.e. the tilde may be dead_tilde in dk-lat1.map but X11R5 expects the
  dead tilde to be called Dtilde.) This does not apply to X11R6.


  3.3.  Loading the Latin-1 characer set on the console

  Execute the following commands under the bash shell:


       setfont /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/lat1-16.psf
       mapscrn /usr/lib/kbd/consoletrans/trivial
       echo -ne '\033(K'




  Note: This only has effect under plain Linux. Do not try it under X.


  4.  Post-amble: Acknowledgements and Copyright

  Thanks to Peter Dalgaard, Anders Majland, the authors of the German
  Howto and Michael Gschwind for help with several questions.

  This Mini-Howto is copyrighted by Thomas Petersen and distributed as
  other Linux HOWTOs under the terms described below.

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