nect.com.au!the-fly.zip.com.au!zipper.zip.com.au!not-for-mail
Subject: Apple ][ Emulator Resources Guide 1.1 (1/1)
Date: 23 Aug 1996 12:19:14 GMT
Summary: This FAQ contains Frequently Asked Questions about cross-platform
         Apple ][ computer emulators and disk-images (software) for them.
X-Newsreader: TIN [UNIX 1.3 BETA-950824 PL0]

Archive-name: apple2/emulators-faq/part1
Posting-Frequency: monthly
Version: 1.1

*******************************************************************************
*                                                                             *
*                      Apple ][ Emulator Resources Guide                      *
*                                 version 1.1                                 *
*                                                                             *
*                         (c)1995,1996 Alex Maddison                         *
*                              <alexm@zip.com.au>                             *
*                                                                             *
*                Corrections and constructive criticism welcome.              *
*                                                                             *
* Last updated: August 1996                                                   *
*                                                                             *
* Newsgroups: comp.emulators.apple2, alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2, comp.answers *
* Posted: First week of each month or on demand.                              *
*                                                                             *
* ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/apple2/emulators-faq/part1       *
* http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~gkt/dox/apple2_emulators-faq_0596                  *
* http://www.cs.ruu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/apple2/emulators-faq/part1.html       *
* http://www.smartpages.com/bngfaqs/comp/emulators/apple2/top.html            *
*                                                                             *
*******************************************************************************


(An "*" represents new information - new versions do not constitute new 
information)

  Introduction

  1) The Apple ROMs

  2) Apple ][ emulators & projects

       General Emulator Related Files

     * Apple Macintosh Platform
       Atari Platform
       Commodore Amiga Platform
       Commodore 64 Platform
       IBM-PC - Linux Platform
     * IBM-PC - MSDOS Platform
     * IBM-PC - Windows Platform
     * UNIX/NeXT Platform
       YAE (Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator)

     * Apple IIgs Emulators & Projects

* 3) Emulator resources (FTP/WWW, disk-image sites, software & information)

  4) Compression techniques

* 5) Creating/extracting disk-images

* 6) Disk-image formats & conversion

  7) Working with disk-images

  8) Apple DOS/ProDOS commands

  9) Further Reading


*******************************************************************************

Introduction

  Back after a long absence :-). Keeping it short this month - there will be a 
WWW page for the Emulator Resources Guide by mid-September 96, offering a full 
graphical version as well as the standard text version (ie. this one). Hopefully 
this will mean that the FAQ is easier to maintain should see a return to regular 
monthly postings of it to the newsgroup. The disk-images sections will be re-
written (again) but the format of the emulator section should remain unchanged. 
Well, back to it!

  Regards,

     Alex.

*******************************************************************************

1) The Apple ROMs

  According to the 'Apple II User's Guide', the read-only memory (ROM) contents 
never change, even when you turn the power off. ROM contains the programs which 
give the Apple II its unique identity and enables it to understand and respond 
appropriately to the commands you type in at the keyboard. (p.4) Every computer 
contains ROMs, and understandably, they are copyrighted by the manufacturer. As 
such, many of the emulator packages listed below do not include the ROMs 
required to emulate an Apple ][. ROMs can be duplicated from your original Apple 
computer in the form of binary files - usually the Apple, disk-drive and serial 
ROMs. Instructions for saving the information from the ROMs into binary files 
can be found in the text file "dumping-ROMs" available on wilbur. Emulator 
packages which do not include the ROMs often include instructions on dumping 
ROMs. This information is specifically indicated in the descriptions below. As 
an aside, the main Apple ROMs are included on the original DOS3.3 System Master 
Disk, in the "FPBASIC" and "INTBASIC" machine language files.

ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/dumping-ROMs

There are some ROM files available from the following addresses (legally you may 
only use these ROM files if you own a corresponding Apple computer):

ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom (Apple ][+ ROM)

(ApplePC ROMs)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/Apple_IIc_ROM.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/IIerom.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/apple_ii.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/plusrom.zip


*******************************************************************************

2) Apple ][ emulators

The SHORT DESCRIPTION is intended only as a general guide; refer to the 
documentation that comes with each package for the complete technical 
information. The DISK-IMAGE FORMATS are explained in Chapter 6.

IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT WILBUR.STANFORD.EDU (AKA FOGHORN.STANFORD.EDU):
This site appears to be down at the time of printing - some of the files listed 
in this guide were only available from wilbur. If you require any of these 
files, please email alexm@zip.com.au with your request.


                         ==============================
                         GENERAL EMULATOR-RELATED FILES
                         ==============================

APL2BMP - Small MSDOS executable which converts Apple ][ screen-dumps (BSAVE 
FILE,A$2000,L$2000) to Windows bitmaps (.BMP), by Arthur Levesque 
<bakslash@ix.netcom.com>.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/apl2bmp.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/apl2bmp.zip

AP2IFC - Pascal source and MSDOS executable which extracts Infocom data from 
disk-images, by Steve Hugg <hugg@pobox.com>.
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/infocom/tools/ap2ifc.zip

AP2INF - ANSI C source and MSDOS executable written to extract data from disk-
images of Infocom adventure games, by Stephen Tjasink
<stjasink@cs.uct.ac.za>.
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/infocom/tools/ap2inf14.zip (v1.4)

SPEED.TEST - Disk-image containing a small program to test (and benchmark) 
emulator performance, by William Night <wnight@wimsey.com>.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/spedtest.zip (v1.0)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/spdt222.zip (v2.2.2)

Timer Module - Add-on which times Speed Test on the Macintosh emulator STM.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/timer.sit.hqx


                            ========================
                            Apple Macintosh Platform
                            ========================

Deja ][ (version 1.0)
-------

AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, available from JEM Software for US$128.
           JEM Software
           7578 Lamar Ct.
           Arvada, CO 80003.
           Fax: 303-422-4856
           Email: rbJEM@aol.com

AUTHOR: Randy Brandt <rbJEM@aol.com> & Mike Munz <munz@wordperfect.com>.

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: An AppleWorks emulator for 68K and PPC Macintoshes - 
literally, an "Apple II emulation engine", which requires AppleWorks 5. From a 
post on "comp.sys.apple2":  "It supports most TimeOut applications, including 
UltraMacros.  It also tightly integrates AppleWorks 5 and the Mac environment. 
This includes automatic conversion between Macintosh and AppleWorks clipboards, 
being able to traverse through your Macintosh hard disk (no Prodos partition 
required), and macro commands to access Mac functions (like speaking text, 
dialing). And if you have PCExchange (or System 7.5), it will read Apple II 3.5" 
disks as well. It, however, is not a generic emulator".

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 68K or PowerPC Macintosh running System 7 and above; 
AppleWorks 5.


Fast Eddie
----------

AVAILABILITY: Shareware product under development; product statement and screen 
shots at:
http://www.swix.ch/clan/shadow/eddie.html

AUTHOR: Andre Horstmann and Henrik Gudat <gudath@ubaclu.unibas.ch>, Fast Eddie 
Labs (formerly Bright Software).

STATUS: Alpha testing.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Fast Eddie is a software-only Apple IIGS emulator, closely 
integrated to the MacOS (optimized for the Power Macintosh) and capable of 
running both Apple ][ and 16-bit IIGS software. The modular package includes a 
core 64816 emulator, along with other emulated hardware components such as the 
n-sonic sound engine, the CleverPort disk controller, the Giga II compatibility 
module, and the Graffiti video blitter. "32-channel Ensoniq sound emulation 
with built-in Dolby Surround Pro Logic capability guarantees 100% reproduction 
of Apple IIGS audio. Low-level disk access allows you to use ProDOS disks by 
merely inserting them. And if you need more disk space, allocate virtual hard 
disks on your MacOS volume!"

ROMS: N/A.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unknown.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown.

FURTHER REFERENCE: None.


Gus
---

AVAILABILITY: Commercial product under development; screen shots at:
http://www.cs.csubak.edu/~jstiles/emulator/apple2/

AUTHOR: Dave Lyons and Andy Nicholas (Apple Computer, Inc.)

STATUS: Pre-release.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Gus is an Apple in-house project which should allow fully 
transparent IIgs emulation on Macintosh. Apparently, the emulation speed is 
quite fast, working approximately four to five times the speed of a real IIgs if 
speed regulation is turned off.

ROMS: N/A.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unknown.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown.

FURTHER REFERENCE: None.


Mac Apple //e Emulator (MacE) (version 0.80)
-----------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/MacE.compiled.sit.bin
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/misc/emsrc.sit (source code)

AUTHOR: W. Sheldon Simms III <sheldon@netcom.com>.

STATUS: Source code released for public modification.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: An Apple //e emulator for 68K Macintoshes. The binhexed Think 
C 7.0 code was posted to "comp.emulators.apple2" on 5 July 1995. According to 
the author's accompanying message, it is an "emulator that boots into basic. I 
don't have time to work on it now so I'm posting the source in case anyone else 
wants to mess with it. It has a 65816 emulator (well 65802 really)...There's no 
documentation other than internal documentation."

ROMS: MacE comes with the necessary Apple //e ROMs and is ready for use after 
decompression.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes); there also seems to 
be an Icon resource for virtual hard-disk volumes in the code, but whether or 
not this is supported is unknown.

DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'MacE', File Type: 'DSK5'.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power Macintosh 
models. Will not work on "compact" (B&W) Macintoshes.

FURTHER REFERENCE: None.


Stop The Madness (STM) (version 0.851r)
----------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/0.851r.sea.bin
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/stm/STM_0.851r.sit
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/0.851r.sea.bin
ftp://ftp.unsw.edu.au/pub/mac/emulators/STM-0851r.hqx

AUTHOR: Kevin Lund <kevin@cassandra.ucr.edu> & Jim Nitchals <jimn8@netcom.com>.

STATUS: See STM v0.881r.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Stop The Madness emulates a 64K Apple ][+, and allows disk-
swapping. Although it cannot "save" (write information to a disk image) a small 
program called Save The Madness can be used simultaneously with STM (under 
Multifinder or System 7), writing altered disk-image files (see below). STM 
comes with the DOS 3.3 System Master disk-image "pre-installed" into virtual 
drive one.

ROMS: STM comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after 
decompression.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'A2EM', File Type: 'DSK5'.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power Macintosh 
models. Runs ONLY in 256-colours! Will not display a picture on "compact" (B&W) 
Macintoshes.

  NOTE: On desktop Macintoshes, you must set the "Colors" control panel to 256-
colors, as STM does not support higher colour modes. This problem has 
erroneously been interpreted as non-compatibility of the emulator with some 
Macintoshes.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "docs 0.85" (DOCMaker file included in the archive), and 
"docs" (DOCMaker file included in the "Disks-n-Docs0.81.hqx" archive. Full 
documentation for STM does not yet exist.
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/Disks-n-Docs0.81.hqx

RELATED FILES:

Save The Madness - Application which adds write access to STM disk-images.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/SaveTM_1.02.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/SaveTM_1.02.sit.bin


Stop The Madness (STM) (version 0.881r)
----------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/STM_0.881r.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/stm/STM_0.881r.sit
ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/STM_0.88r.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.unsw.edu.au/pub/mac/emulators/STM-0.881.hqx

AUTHOR: Kevin Lund <kevin@cassandra.ucr.edu> & Jim Nitchals <jimn8@netcom.com>.

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Stop The Madness emulates a 64K Apple ][+, and allows disk-
swapping. Version 0.881r (formerly known as 0.872d) is far more versatile than 
the previous version; configurable "modules" allow expansion limited only by 
available memory - for example, STM can support four Disk II drives. 
Additionally, STM can now "save" disk-images (see below). STM comes with the DOS 
3.3 System Master disk-image "pre-installed" into virtual drive one.

ROMS: STM comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after 
decompression.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes), and non-standard 
"pre-nibbleized". This second type is the only format the Disk II module will 
save images into. From the documentation: "this format is bulkier than the 
'.DSK' format, and has no cross-platform compatibility, but is more flexible, 
allowing non-standard formats and 1/4 track resolution." Version 1.00 of SaveTM 
(see below) is also compatible with STM 0.881r for those who prefer standard 
disk-image output.

DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'A2EM', File Type: 'DSK5'.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power Macintosh 
models - with System 7. Runs ONLY in 256-colours! Will not display a picture on 
"compact" (B&W) Macintoshes.

  NOTE: On desktop Macintoshes, you must set the "Colors" control panel to 256-
colors, as STM does not support higher colour modes. This problem has 
erroneously been interpreted as non-compatibility of the emulator with some 
Macintoshes.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "STM 0.881r docs" (DOCMaker file included in the archive). 
Full documentation for STM does not yet exist.

RELATED FILES:

Cassette speaker module for STM.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/cassettespeaker.sit.bin

Disk ][ replacement module for STM.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/STM/newdisk2.bin
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/formattingdiskII.sit

Save The Madness - Application which adds write access to STM disk-images.
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/SaveTM_1.00_for0.881r.sit.bin


IIe (version 3.01)
---

AVAILABILITY: Shareware, available for anonymous FTP from:
http://www.usyd.edu.au/~vtan/IIe/IIe_3.0.1.sit.hqx
Older versions as below:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/IIe_3.0.sit.hqx
http://www.usyd.edu.au/~vtan/IIe/IIe_3.0.sit.hqx
http://hyperarchive.lcs.mit.edu/HyperArchive/Archive/app/IIe-201.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/IIe_1.0.sit.bin
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/Mac_IIe_1.0.sit.hqx

NOTE: IIe is Shareware;
        registration costs $25 (US).

AUTHOR: Vincent Tan <VincentTan@kagi.com> & Victor Tan.

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: IIe emulates an Apple //e. Excerpted from the text file: IIe 
is a fully functional Apple //e emulator that supports all of the graphics 
modes, all of the Apple //e keyboard keys, and all of the currently available 
Apple II disk image formats. You can even access your 3.5" Apple II disks from 
your Mac's floppy disk drive! This version can also access any ProDOS partitions 
on your Mac's hard disk, and it can even save ProDOS files directly in any of 
your Mac's folders! From the WWW page: The next version will have sound card 
support. There is no expected date of release at this time.

ROMS: IIe does not come with the necessary Apple //e ROMs. The missing ROM is
the main Apple ROM ("APPLE2E.ROM"). The instructions suggest using ApplePC's
//e ROM:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/IIerom.zip

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes); the emulator can
also read 3.5" ProDOS disks directly from the Macintosh 800K/1.44Mb drive(s).
3.5" disk-images (Apple images in Apple DiskCopy format AND plain ProDOS-
order images) and virtual hard-drive (.HDV) files are also supported.

DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'AIIe', File Type: 'DSK5' (5.25" images)
                          File Creator: 'AIIe', File Type: 'DSK3' (3.5" images)
                          File Creator: 'AIIe', File Type: 'dImg' (DiskCopy)
                          File Creator: 'AIIe', File Type: 'HDV ' (hard-drive)

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Desktop" (colour) Macintosh - including Power
Macintosh models - with System 7.0 (with QuickTime and Thread Manager) or
higher (System 7.5 recommended). Runs in most display modes (1-bit B&W and
4-bit colour) EXCEPT 16-bit and 24-bit colour. Will not work on "compact" (B&W)
Macintoshes.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "1. Read me first", 2. Instructions, 3. Configuring 
IIe and "4. Other stuff" (Text files included in the archive).


//e CARD for Macintosh LC
-------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production.

AUTHOR: Apple Computer.

STATUS: Development ceased.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: The LC //e Card is a combination hardware/software package 
which emulates an enhanced Apple //e, accelerated to 1.9 Mhz, monochrome, colour 
or inverse video, custom beep sound, RAM card, two super serial cards, a 
"printer" card (spools to Chooser device), clock, SmartPort card, AppleTalk 
card, Mouse card and extended 80-column card. Hardware is attached via a special 
connector with ports for a 9-pin joystick and a SmartPort drive (up to two 5.25" 
and one 3.5"). Further installation, use and troubleshooting articles are 
available from the Apple Technical Information Library (search for "iie").
http://www.info.apple.com/til.html
The software for the card is available under copyright from the Apple FTP site 
(see also "Macintosh LC //e Card Software" in Chapter 3).
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-installer-disk-image.hqx
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx

ROMS: N/A.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. The card actually runs original software on 5.25" or 
3.5" diskette, although it can be used to create disk-images for use with other 
emulators.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Macintosh LC with PDS slot supporting 24-bit adressing, 
including the LC, LCII, LCIII, Color Classic, Color Classic II, LC 520, LC 550, 
LC 475/Quadra 605, LC 575 and the Performa 4xx and 5xx lines except the Quadra 
630, LC/Performa 580 and 5200/75 LC.

FURTHER REFERENCE: N/A.

(The preceding information on the //e Card was obtained from information sent by 
Ivan Drucker <drucker@lclark.edu>).


][ in a Mac (version 2.53)
-----------

AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production.

AUTHOR: COMPUTER:applications
           12813 Lindeley Drive
           Raleigh, NC 27614.

STATUS: Development ceased.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][ in a Mac is a package which emulates an Apple //e. 
Functionally, it is probably similar to it's PC counterpart, "][ in a PC" (see 
below) with the following exceptions: it runs at sixty percent of the standard 
//e speed (on a MacPlus), uses only a portion of the Mac screen, has no colour 
support and limited graphics, no "real" joystick, doesn't handle copy-protected 
software, and can create problems with keyboard translation and modem port 
detection on some Macintoshes.

ROMS: N/A.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: ProDOS3.3 Order (PO - size: 143360 bytes); the emulator can 
also read 3.5" ProDOS disks (usually 800K) directly from the Macintosh internal 
or external drive(s).

DISK-IMAGE RESOURCE INFO: File Creator: 'CAI1', File Type: 'DISK'.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: MacPlus or SE. Some older versions of the software didn't 
run on the Mac II line. The software will not display colour even on colour 
Macintosh systems.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "][inamac.txt" (Review text file on wilbur).
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/emulators/apple2/][inamac.txt

(Thanks to Gaku Tomiyama for information on the disk-image format).


                                 ==============
                                 Atari Platform
                                 ==============

Apple ][ A2.04
--------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/atari/Emulators/appleemu.arc - SEE UMICH MIRRORS
ftp://nic.switch.ch/mirror/atari/Emulators/appleemu.arc
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/atari/appleemu.arc
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/atari/umich.edu/Emulators/appleemu.arc

AUTHOR: Darek Mihocka.

STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: Dec. 31, 1986).

SHORT DESCRIPTION: An Apple ][ emulator for the Atari ST. Excerpted from the 
documentation: "it can be used as a tool to learn 6502 machine language, but 
also, it allows the ST to run Apple...software."

ROMS: Apple ][ does not include the necessary ROMS - they must be copied from 
your Apple and titled "APPLSOFT.BIN" and "INTBASIC.BIN".
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A. Binary files must be transferred from the Apple ][ and 
then converted using a source code program from Apple monitor hex dump into an 
Atari DOS (.BIN) format.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Atari ST with 512K, colour or monochrome.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "EMULATOR.DOC" (Text file included in the archive).


                            ========================
                            Commodore Amiga Platform
                            ========================

AppleM (DEMO version)
------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/applemdemo.lha
                                                        - AMINET & SOME MIRRORS

AUTHOR: Greg Dunlap <gdunlap@ecst.csuchico.edu>.

STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: July 6, 1992).

SHORT DESCRIPTION: AppleM emulates an Apple ][+ through Rexx C; it supports all 
Apple display modes, sound, joystick and language card. Additional enhancements 
are available: lowercase text is displayed and the 6502C instruction set is 
emulated. There is no disk, modem or printer support.

ROMS: AppleM does not come with the necessary ROMs. These ROMs can be copied 
from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "Readme" text file 
included with the package.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Amiga 1000, Amiga 500 and higher running KS1.2.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" (Text file included in the archive).

RELATED FILES:

Load RAM - Load Apple 2000 programs into AppleM (Rexx C).
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/LoadRAM.lha


Apple On Amiga (version 0.1)
--------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/AppleOnAmiga.tar.Z
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/AppleOnAmiga.lha
                                                        - AMINET & SOME MIRRORS

AUTHOR: Claudio Nieder <claudio@dial.eunet.ch>.

STATUS: Further development ceased. The author no longer programs on the Amiga.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Amiga On Apple emulates a 48K Apple ][+, with two disk drives 
(read/write but not save). It runs BASIC programs at 1/10 the speed of an Apple 
][ and disk access can be as slow as 1/60 of an Apple ][. Booting can take five 
to six minutes. Written in Modula-2.

ROMS: Apple On Amiga does not come with the necessary ROMs. These ROMs can be 
copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "Readme" text 
file included with the package (including an uncompiled Apple ][ program which 
must be transferred).
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard (size: 230 kilobytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: "Fast" Amiga with Workbench 2.0.4, and 1MB RAM free (such 
as 25MHZ Amiga 3000).

FURTHER REFERENCE: "Readme" (Text file included in the archive).


Apple 2000 (version 1.3)
----------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/Apple2000v13.lha
                                                        - AMINET & MIRRORS
Older versions as below:
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/amiga/emulators/Apple2000v1.lha

AUTHOR: Kevin Kralian <Kevin_Kralian@sacbbx.com>.

STATUS: Further development ceased. The author posted a message to 
comp.sys.amiga.emulations stating that he will no longer be doing anything for 
the Amiga, therefore V1.3 is the last version.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple 2000 emulates a 64K Apple ][+, allowing loading (Right-
Amiga-L) from and saving (Right-Amiga-S) to DDD Apple compressed disk archives 
from any Amiga device. All video modes are available (Text, LoRes, HiRes and 
mixed), along with a two button joystick. Apple 2000 is able to instantly load 
and run Apple files from any Amiga device (without "disk-booting"). The emulator 
supports Amiga multi-tasking. Version 1.3 introduces a number of improvements in 
the emulator; be sure to read the documentation.

ROMS: Apple 2000 does not come with the necessary ROMs. The missing ROMs are the 
disk-drive ROMs ("_DISK.ROM") and main Apple ROMs ("_APPLE.ROM") - these ROMs 
can be copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the "Apple 
2000.doc" text file included with the package.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DDD archives, plain Apple ][ files, raw disk-images (size: 
220 kilobytes), and DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes) - see Chapter 6 
below.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 68020 Amiga with Kickstart 2.0, 1MB RAM and 
ReqTools.library (by Nico Franois). Will not work on 68000 Amiga (A500,2000).

FURTHER REFERENCE: "Apple 2000.doc" (Text file included in the archive).


                             =====================
                             Commodore 64 Platform
                             =====================

Spartan Emulator
----------------

AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production.

AUTHOR: Mimic Systems.

STATUS: Development ceased.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: The Apple ][ emulator for the Commodore 64 which was 
advertised as offering 100% Apple emulation and other features, all for the low 
price of US $595, but which turned out to be a package to transfer and re-
compile BASIC programs on the C64.

ROMS: N/A.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Commodore 64 (with V2.0 BASIC).

FURTHER REFERENCE: None.

(The preceding information on the Spartan Emulator was obtained from information 
sent by Paul Allen Panks <pap@dana.ucc.nau.edu>).


                               =================
                               IBM-PC - Linux OS
                               =================

Apple ][+ Emulator for Linux (version 0.02)
----------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/usr.bin/apple2-v002.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple2-emu-linux/apple2-emul-v002-
linux.tar.gz
Older versions as below:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple2-emu-linux/apple2-emul-v001-
linux.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/Linux/util/emulators/apple2.tar.gz
(v0.00 was distributed under the filename: "apple2.tar.gz").

AUTHOR: Alexander Bottema <d91a1bo@meryl.csd.uu.se>.

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: "It is partly written in 386 (AT&T) assembler and partly in 
C. You can switch diskettes using a diskette database through an intuitive 
interface. Furthermore, it is possible to trim the speed of the emulator and it 
runs in full speed (approximately) twice as fast as an standard Apple II+ on a 
486DX-50...[It uses] the svgalib's key scancodes. I've also taken the 
opportunity to implement the undocumented 6502 instructions. I've noticed that 
at least two games use these undocumented instrucions; Bug Attack and MS Pacman. 
Currently I have transfered about 40 diskettes to my emulator and all 
programs/games seem to work" (from a post on "comp.emulators.apple2"). Requires 
compiling (C source code).
  NOTE: The Apple ][ emulator at "sunsite.unc.edu" (/pub/Linux/system/
Emulators/apple2.tar.Z) is not part of this emulator's distribution. This is 
actually a copy of Peter Koch's emulator (see "apple2.tar.Z" in the Unix/NeXT 
section below).

ROMS: Unknown.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: (from the original post) Kernel 1.0 and above, SVGAlib 
1.06 but below 1.08, and libc 4.4.4 and greater.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" (Text file included in the archive).


ProDOS Emulator (version 0.1)
---------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/prodosemu/prodosemu.v0.1.tar.gz

AUTHOR: Matthew Ghio <ghio@netcom.com> (based on Randy Frank's 65C02 emulator 
and I/O code).

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: ProDOS Emulator emulates the ProDOS functions of an Apple 
//e, using a directory on the Unix system as a simulated drive (Slot 7, Drive 1) 
- thus eliminating the need for disk-images. Put the ProDOS files (such as 
BASIC.SYSTEM or SHRINKIT) in the same directory as the emulator; under the 
emulator the current directory appears as a disk named /UNIX at S7,D1. Requires 
compiling (C source code).

ROMS: ProDOS Emulator does not come with the necessary Apple //e ROMs. The 
missing ROM is the main Apple ROM ("apple.rom") - these ROMs can be copied from 
your Apple //e by following the instructions in the README file accompanying the 
archive.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A; uses current directory as simulated drive.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "README"  (Text file included in the archive).


                               =================
                               IBM-PC - MSDOS OS
                               =================

HINT: Cant run Wizardry or any other software which requires the disk-image 
being write protected? Just set the MSDOS read-only attribute (ATTRIB +r) on the 
disk-image...


Applemu (Apple Emu)
-------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/applemu.zip

AUTHOR: Unknown.

STATUS: Further development ceased.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Applemu emulates a 48K Apple ][+, and allows disk-swapping. 
Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-disk from within the emulator. 
An option to write protect the disk-image being loaded into either drive is 
offered. The function keys control disk-swapping routines. Unfortunately, most 
of the more advanced Apple software requires a 64K machine, and thus will not 
load on Applemu.

ROMS: Applemu comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after 
decompression. The Apple ROMs are stored in "APPLBIOS.COM".

  NOTE: To run Intbasic programs, get the "INTBASIC.COM" file from wilbur, 
rename "APPLBIOS.COM" as "FPBASIC.COM", and then rename "INTBASIC.COM" as 
"APPLBIOS.COM".

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Nibblized Dos Order (NDO - size: 232960 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (recommended) - according to 
the documentation, any PC with "128K memory, DOS 2.0 or greater", although on a 
4.77 MHZ 8088 it takes almost a minute to boot a disk.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The "Apple2 
Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains a great deal of information 
on this emulator as well as converting disk-image files for use with it.

RELATED FILES:

INTBASIC.COM - File containing the Integer Basic language for Apple Emu.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/intbasic.com


ApplePC (version 2.52b)
-------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://users.aol.com/davidells/ApplePC/ApplePC.zip (version 2.52b)
Older versions as below:
ApplePC (version 2.42)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.40.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/ApplePC_2.30.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.20.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.13.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.12.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.11.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.10.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.06.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.05.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.05.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_2.00.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.90.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.81.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.80.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.70.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.66.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.65.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.60.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/ApplePC_1.50.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/apple2c_1.00.zip
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/emulators/appleII/ApplePC_220.zip

AUTHOR: David Ellsworth <davidells@aol.com> (based on code by Randy Spurlock).

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: ApplePC emulates a 128K Apple //c. From a post by the author 
on "comp.emulators.apple2": "It is extremely fast, has true 'pixel-perfect' 
graphics (switchable between mono and colour), a built-in debugger, and disk-
swapping." The emulator will work with it's own (non-standard) //c, //e files 
and Applewin's //e ROM file - to provide additional software compatibility. From 
v2.00a it also uses Applewin's ][+ ROM to supply an Apple ][+ mode.

ROMS: ApplePC comes with the necessary Apple ROMs, which are supplied in 
separate files for the //c and //e ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/Apple_IIc_ROM.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/IIerom.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/apple_ii.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applepc/plusrom.zip
ftp://users.aol.com/davidells/ApplePC/Apple.II.plus.ROM.zip
ftp://users.aol.com/davidells/ApplePC/Apple.IIc.ROM.zip
ftp://users.aol.com/davidells/ApplePC/Apple.IIe.ROM.zip

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes); from version 2.05a 
the emulator also supports Nibblized Dos Order (NDO - size: 232960 bytes); from 
version 2.40a is also supports ProDOS Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). It also 
supports virtual hard-disk volumes in //e emulation mode only.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80386 cpu with VGA graphics.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive).

RELATED FILES:

A2PCText v0.2 - Command-line based program which extracts 40 and 80 column text 
images from ApplePC's "save state" file.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/a2pctext.zip

HardPC - A couple of virtual hard-disks (.HDV) for ApplePC. One is "empty", the 
other contains AppleWorks 3.0. They only work in //e emulation mode.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/hardpc.zip

Bootable hard-drive - Details for creating a bootable virtual hard-drive 
suggested by Rejean Bazinet:
  1) Use debug in DOS to create the hard-disk file by typing:
     debug harddisk.hdv
     w
     q
     and return to DOS with the harddisk.hdv file of 0 bytes.
  2) Start ApplePC and select 'D' for disk, then 'S' to change to Slot 7, then
     '1' and press TAB to select the file harddisk.hdv.
  3) Press 'Z' to set harddisk emulation to ON, and press 'S' to return to
     Slot 6.
  4) Select a ProDOS master disk-image with SYSUTIL.SYSTEM, and type
     '-sysutil.system'. Select Format a Disk, choose Slot 7 and Drive 1, and
     after the drive is formatted, copy the master ProDOS files to harddisk.hdv.
  5) Return to the ] prompt and type 'PR#7' to test the harddisk.hdv.


Apl2Em
------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/apl2em.zip
ftp://sunb.ocs.mq.edu.au/PC/Emulators/apl2em.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl2em.zip

AUTHOR: Randy Spurlock <randys@gocart.eng.hou.compaq.com>.

STATUS: See Apl2Em-2.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em emulates a 64K Apple][+, but does not allow disk-
swapping whilst in use. Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-disk 
from within the emulator. This means that although Apl2Em can run all of the 64K 
multi-disk software that Applemu cannot, you can only pre-load two disks (D1 and 
D2).

ROMS: Apl2Em comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use after 
decompression. The Apple ROMs in "APPLE.ROM" and the disk-drive controller ROMs 
are stored in "DISK.ROM".

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly on 
a monochrome monitor).

FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The "Apple2 
Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide contains a great deal of information 
on this emulator as well as converting disk-image files for use with it.

RELATED FILES:

Appjoy - Modified executable for Apl2Em by Dan Wolfsond <wolfsond@cse.fau.edu>, 
which replaces the numeric joystick emulation with a PC analog joystick.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/appjoy.zip


Apl2Em-2 (Apl2Em v2)
--------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/apl2em-2.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl2em-2.zip

AUTHOR: Randy Spurlock <randys@gocart.eng.hou.compaq.com>.

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em-2 emulates a 64K Apple ][+, but does not allow disk-
swapping whilst in use. Disk-images are "saved" to directly on the hard-disk 
from within the emulator. This means that although Apl2Em can run all of the 64K 
multi-disk software that Applemu cannot, you can only pre-load two disks (D1 and 
D2).

  NOTE: Some people have found a way to "swap" disk-image files whilst the 
emulator is running by using the multi-tasking abilities of Windows or OS/2. It 
would be a case of moving the "SYSTEM.DSK" file (or whatever the default DSK 
name is for D1) out of the A2EM directory and replacing it with a subsequent 
disk (also titled "SYSTEM.DSK"). A routine to handle disk-swapping under OS/2 is 
available (see below).

ROMS: Apl2Em-2 does not come with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs. The missing ROMs 
are the main Apple ROMs ("APPLE.ROM") and disk-drive ROMs ("FLOPPY.ROM") - these 
ROMs can be copied from your old Apple ][ by following the procedures in the 
"dumping-ROMs" text file on wilbur. You don't really need the Serial ROMs to use 
Apl2Em-2 - just edit the "APPLE.INI" file at Slot 1 to read "Type=Empty".
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly on 
a monochrome monitor).

FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The 
"emulate-apple2-faq" contains a great deal of information on this emulator as 
well as converting disk-image files for us with it.

RELATED FILES:

Apl2em2f - A routine to handle disk-swapping for Apl2Em-2 under OS/2.
ftp://frmap711.mathp7.jussieu.fr/pub/scratch/rideau/misc/apple2/apl2em2f.zip

CAPPLE v2.0 - Routines released by Scott Crow <corvus@am.ucsc.edu> which replace 
the keyboard joystick emulation with a PC analog joystick routine, as well as a 
speed delay.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/capple-v2.zip

Lowercase - Activate the full lowercase features of the Apple's character ROM on 
the ][+ emulator, with a hex editor, APPLE.ROM and the simple instructions in 
this file! From Rich Williamson <glitch@eskimo.com>.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/apl-lower.txt


Apl2Em-3 (Apl2Em v3)
--------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apl2em/apl2em-3.zip

AUTHOR: Tew Neal T. <loopy@bert.cs.byu.edu> (based on Apl2Em by Randy Spurlock).

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apl2Em-3 emulates a 64K Apple][+ (see Apl2Em-2 above for 
details). New items added are: adjustable emulator speed, disk-switching, mixed 
low resolution and text mode, a fix for low resolution colours, improved high 
resolution graphics and joystick support.

ROMS: Apl2Em-3 comes with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and is ready for use 
after decompression. The Apple ROMs are stored in "APPLE.ROM", the disk-drive 
ROMs in "FLOPPY.ROM" and the serial ROMs in "SERIAL.ROM".

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics (will not display correctly on 
a monochrome monitor).

FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive). The 
"emulate-apple2-faq" contains a great deal of information on this emulator as 
well as converting disk-image files for us with it.


Apple ][+ Emulator
------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apl6502.zip

AUTHOR: Steven E. Hugg <hugg@cs.fsu.edu>.

STATUS: Development ceased.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple ][+ Emulator is a partially-completed project with a 
number of bugs.

ROMS: Apple ][+ Emulator does not include the necessary ROMs. The ROMs required 
are: Apple ROM ("ROM.DAT") and the disk controller ROM ("DABOOT.DAT").
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "6502.DOC" (Text file included in the archive).


AppleUni (version 2.79.30)
--------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/incoming/appleuni-2.79.30.zip
Older versions as below:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/appleuni-2.79.19.pre-release.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/apluni2.73.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/apluni24.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/apluni21.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/appleuni/apluni19.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/appleuni.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/apluni19.zip

AUTHOR: Andrew J. Kroll <ag784@freenet.buffalo.edu> (earlier versions based on 
code by Randy Spurlock).

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: AppleUni emulates an Apple ][+; it supports all Apple video 
modes except mixed mode with four lines of text below the graphics, has a 32K 
language card and allows saving to disk-images. Mixed text/graphics and //e 
emulation with 80 column card are planned for future releases. Hard-drive 
emulation is supported from version 2.79.

ROMS: Later versions of AppleUni come with the necessary Apple ][+ ROMs and are 
ready for use after decompression. The ROMs included (or required) are: Apple 
ROM (IIP.IMG), disk controller ROM (DSK.IMG) and the super serial card ROM 
(SER.IMG).

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes); from version 2.73 the 
emulator also supports Nibblized Dos Order (NDO - size: 232960 bytes). From 
version 2.79 it also support virtual hard-disk volumes.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 8088 cpu with CGA graphics (minimum), EGA or VGA 
recommended ("the only emulator that will run on an XT, and that fully emulates 
Apple's Super Serial Card!" - from "APPLEUNI.DOC").

FURTHER REFERENCES: "APPLEUNI.DOC", "HISTORY.DOC" and "APPLUNI.FAQ" (Text files 
included with the archive).


Central Point Option Board
--------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production.

AUTHOR: Unknown

STATUS: Development ceased.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: This product is not strictly an emulator, but a hardware card 
which acts as an addition to the drive controller. Functionally, it allows PC 
drives to read GCR encoded disks (Mac 800K and Apple ][).

ROMS: N/A.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown.

FURTHER REFERENCES: N/A.


SimIIe (SimSystem IIe v1.0)
------

AVAILABILITY: Shareware, available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2e.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ibmpc/simiie.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/sim2e.zip

  NOTE: SimIIe is Shareware for ten days;
        registration costs $50 (US) + $6 shipping.
           American Research Inc.
           2120 Deercreek Rd.
           Simi Valley, CA 93065.

AUTHOR: Jim Sproul.

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: SimIIe emulates a 128K Apple //e, using "clean-room" ROMs. It 
allows disk-swapping and saving to a disk-image - in short, is does just about 
everything: 80 columns, parallel printer adaptor, FOUR simulated disk-drives (5 
1/4, 3 1/2 and ProDOS hard-drives), real joystick routines and more!  On the 
negative side, this emulator is extremely slow on 33mHz computers.

ROMS: N/A (Apple ROMs are not used in this emulator).

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: SimIIe (IIe - size: 143390 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics, 80486 recommended. SimIIe 
will not work on 8086, 8088 or V20 microprocessors, and is not compatible with 
Microsoft Windows (it cannot be run as a DOS task).

FURTHER REFERENCES: "SIMIIE.DOC" (Text file included in the archive).

RELATED FILES:

PATSIM2E - A patched version of the SimIIe executable, for computers which hang 
after pressing "R" in the configuration screen, giving a black screen.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/patsim2e.zip

SIM2DU10 - Utilities for SimIIe released by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cc.dixie.edu>. 
These include .IIE and .HDV creation programs and a single file transfer 
utility. Source code included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2du10.zip

SIMIIE_F - A simple patch to fix hanging at the directory/file select box, by 
<mpohores@sfu.ca>.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/simiie_f.doc

32MB_HD - A 32Mb virtual hard-disk (.HDV) for SimIIe, containing Apple ProDOS 
2.0.3, BASIC.SYSTEM 1.5 and ShrinkIt 3.4, by <beermat@cix.compulink.co.uk>.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/32mb_hd.zip


Trackstar Plus
--------------

AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production.

AUTHOR: Unknown

STATUS: Development ceased.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: An 8-bit ISA card for the PC AT, the Trackstar Plus emulates 
a 128K //e, with plug-in Apple disk-drive and joystick support.

ROMS: N/A.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Trackstore and virtual hard-disk support. The card 
actually runs original software on 5.25" diskette, although it can be used to 
create disk-images for use with other emulators.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unknown.

FURTHER REFERENCES: N/A.


][ in a PC
----------

AVAILABILITY: Commercial product, no longer in production.

AUTHOR: COMPUTER:applications
           12813 Lindeley Drive
           Raleigh, NC 27614.

STATUS: Development ceased.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][ in a PC is a package which emulates an unenhanced Apple 
//e, including all necessary utility programs for transferring Apple II software 
bidirectionally between an Apple II and IBM compatible computer. The emulator 
supports 128K memory, serial and parallel outputs, two 5.25" drives, two 3.5" 
drives, ProDOS hard-disk, 40/80 column text, full colour HiRes/LoRes graphics, 
joystick support, and Applesoft compatible BASIC.

ROMS: N/A.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: N/A.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80286 cpu with CGA graphics/Apple ][+ or greater with 
serial card.

FURTHER REFERENCES: N/A.

(The preceding information on ][ in a PC was obtained from a review compiled by 
Arthur A. Luna <netcoking@aol.com>).


                              ===================
                              IBM-PC - Windows OS
                              ===================

HINT: Cant run Wizardry or any other software which requires the disk-image 
being write protected? Just set the MSDOS read-only attribute (ATTRIB +r) on the 
disk-image...


Apple II Emulator for Windows (v1.20)
-----------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Shareware, available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/apl2em4w.ima.gz (WinImage/DCF file)

  Also distributed from:
           Public (software) Library
           P.O. Box 35705
           Houston, TX 77235-5705

           Use program name: Apple II Emulator for Windows
           and item number #11972

           Public (software) Library requires a small fee covering the
           cost of the disk, plus shipping.

AUTHOR: Teodor Angeloff.

STATUS: Development in progress.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: The Apple II Emulator for Windows emulates an Apple //e, with 
6502 and Z80 microprocessors, an 80-column card, Disk II drives and fixed disks, 
realtime clock, joystick and Apple II mouse, amongst other things.

ROMS: Apple II Emulator for Windows comes with the necessary Apple //e ROMs.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: A4W (A4W - size: 143388 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80486 or better running Windows 3.1.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "README.TXT" (Text file included in the archive).  Online 
help available from within AppleWin.

(Thanks to the author for sending a copy of his emulator. - Alex)


AppleWin (version 1.10)
--------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_1.10.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_1.10_src.zip
Older versions as below:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_1.00.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_1.00_src.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_beta2.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/applewin/aplwinb2.zip
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/aplwinb2.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_beta1.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/AppleWin_alpha.zip

AUTHOR: Michael O'Brien <mobrien@netcom.com>.

STATUS: Source code released for public modification.

SHORT DESCRIPTION:
AppleWin is a 32-bit Windows program which emulates a "Platinum" model enhanced 
Apple //e with 128k RAM.  It supports all video modes, including double high-res 
and mixed mode.  It plays sound through a sound card (preferred) or the PC 
speaker.  It supports emulating an Apple joystick using the PC keyboard, 
joystick, or mouse.  It allows saving to disk images and on-the-fly swapping of 
disk images.

There are two versions of AppleWin, both included in the ZIP file:
applew31.exe -- Use this version if you are running Windows 3.1 or Windows for
                Workgroups.  You must also install the Win32s 32-bit
                extensions, which are available from the same FTP site.
applewin.exe -- Use this version if you are running Windows 95 or Windows NT.

It is recommended that you switch your video card to 256-color mode for best 
performance when running AppleWin.  If you are having trouble using AppleWin 
with your video driver, or trouble formatting disks under AppleWin, obtain and 
install "patch2.zip" which is available from the same FTP site.

If you do not have a joystick driver for Windows, you can obtain "ibmjoy.zip" 
from the FTP site.  Remember to calibrate your joystick using the Windows 
Control Panel before using it in AppleWin.

By default, AppleWin controls its emulation speed so that it runs exactly as 
fast as a real Apple //e.  If you would like for it to run as fast as possible 
on your system, click on the Configuration button (on the bottom) and turn off 
the "control system speed" option.

Versions 1.00 and 1.10 are faster and includes speed control, modem support, and 
monochrome monitor emulation.  Version 1.00 requires Windows 95 or NT (not 
Win32s). And both now come with source code!

ROMS: AppleWin comes with the necessary Apple ][+ and //e ROMs, stored in 
"APPLE2.ROM" and "APPLE2E.ROM".

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3, ProDOS and nibblized orders (auto-detecting).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 80486 or better running Windows 95, Windows NT 3.5, or 
Windows 3.1 (Windows 3.1 requires Win32s).

FURTHER REFERENCES: "README.TXT" (Text file included in the archive).  Online 
help available from within AppleWin.

(Thanks to the author for the description of the emulator appearing above. - 
Alex)

RELATED FILES:

IBMJOY - Joystick driver which replaces the emulated number-pad joystick.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/ibmjoy.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/applewin/ibmjoy.zip
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/ibmjoy.zip

Replacement patches for Applewin - fixes some video driver/disk formatting 
problems.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/patch2.zip
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/ap/applewin/patch2.zip

AppleWin speed patch  - Undocumented method of speeding up AppleWin, suggested 
by Bruno Zeitoun <100125.2116@compuserve.com>:
  1) Launch Regedit.exe (under Win95)
  2) Open HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/Software/AppleWin/CurrentVersion/Calibation/
  CycleGranularity
  3) Modify the value: the higher the value, the faster AppleWin runs...


                               ==================
                               UNIX/NeXT Platform
                               ==================

Apple2
------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/apple2.tar.gz
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Emulators/apple2.tar.Z - SEE MIRRORS
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/apple2.tar.Z

AUTHOR: Peter Koch <koch@informatik.uni-kl.de>.

STATUS: Development in progress. Contact Peter Koch <koch@informatik.uni-kl.de> 
for more information.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2 emulates an Apple ][ or ][+ with 64k. Supports disk 
swapping. Any disk, which is copyable with COPYA or FILER can be used as disk 
image. Supports 40 column text, 80 column text (videx emulation), lores, hires 
and mixed modes.

ROMS: Apple2 does not come with the necessary ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix/X Windows. Since the emulator is completely written 
in C, it is very slow. You'll need a very fast machine (and a very fast X-
Terminal).

FURTHER REFERENCES: The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide 
contains information on this emulator. There is some more documentation in the 
tar-archive.

RELATED FILES:

Emulating - Discussion by Peter Koch on how he built his emulator.
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/emulating.txt

(Thanks to the author for the description of the emulator appearing above. - 
Alex)


Apple2Emul
----------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/Apple2Emul.tar.Z

STATUS: Unknown.

AUTHOR: Rich Skrenta <skrenta@pbm.com>.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2Emul is an emulator for Unix. Requires compiling (C 
source code).

ROMS: Unknown.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "Apple2Emul.readme" and "a2.readme" (Text files included in 
the archive).


Apple2e
-------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/ap2e.tar.Z (curses code)
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/ap2egl.tar.Z (GL code)
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/emu.disks.tar.Z (Disks)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ap2e.tar.Z (curses code)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ap2egl.tar.Z (GL code)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emu.disks.tar.Z (Disks)

AUTHOR: Randy Frank <randy@tessa.iaf.uiowa.edu>.

STATUS: Unknown.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2e emulates a 128K Apple //e, with an 80 column card in 
slot 3 and a combination of cards in slots 5, 6 and 7. Requires compiling (C 
source code).

ROMS: Apple2e requires ROMs copied from an Enhanced //e ONLY! and a copy of the 
PRODOS file from a bootable ProDOS disk. These should be binary files named 
"CDROM" and "PRODOS" respectively.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes). The "aii.docs" text 
file contains a short program for creating disk-images on the Apple for use with 
the emulator.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "aii.docs" (Text file included in the archive), and the 
"emua2e.docs" text file. The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide 
contains information on this emulator.
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/unix/apple2/emua2e.docs
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emua2e.docs


a2
--

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/a2.tar.Z

AUTHOR: Rich Skrenta <skrenta@pbm.com>; additions by Mat Hostetter 
<mjhostet@athena.mit.edu>.

STATUS: Unknown.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: a2 appeas to be an adaptation of Rich Skrenta's emulator 
code, for NeXT step. Fast hi-res graphics support added by Mat Hostetter using 
WozView. Requires compiling (C source code).

ROMS: a2 does not include the necessary ROMs. The "SNARF" document contains 
instructions on how to get a copy of the Apple ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unknown (size: 215040 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: NeXT.

FURTHER REFERENCE: "README" and "NOTES" (Text files included in the archive).


][+ Simulator
-------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/II+simulator.tar.Z

AUTHOR: Ben Koning <ben@apple.com>.

STATUS: Unknown (date on readme file: 1989).

SHORT DESCRIPTION: ][+ Simulator emulates a Apple ][+. Requires compiling (C 
source code).

ROMS: ][+ Simulator does not include the necessary ROMs; they need to be 
provided in the form of four binary files titled "APPLESOFT.ROM, 
"AUTOSTART.ROM", "INTEGER.ROM" and "MONITOR.ROM".
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Unix binaries.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Unix machine.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "README" and "README2" (Text files included with the 
archive).


XApple2+ (version 1.0)
--------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/completed/xapple2+.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emulator.tar.Z

AUTHOR: Philip J. Stephens <philip@labtam.oz.au>.

STATUS: Unknown.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Xapple2+ emulates an Apple ][. The emulator supports disk-
image swapping and joystick emulation. Requires compiling (C source code).

ROMS: XApple2+ does not include the necessary Apple and disk-controller ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard. Includes a utility named "convertdisk" to 
convert disk-images from .dsk and .bin (MacBinary) format to low-level nibblised 
format.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Medium-performance Sun SparcStation IPX or Sun SparcServer 
1000, using a X terminal with 100,000+ XStones of performance.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "README" (Text file included in the archive).


XGS (version 0.30)
---

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
http://www.optera.com/~invid/emulators/XGS/xgs-0.30.tar.gz
http://www.optera.com/~invid/emulators/XGS/xgs-0.33.tar.gz (test release)

AUTHOR: Joshua M. Thompson <invid@optera.com>.

STATUS: Development in progress. Check the mailing list for further information 
(email <majordomo@optera.com> with the words "subscribe xgs-list" in the body of 
the letter).

SHORT DESCRIPTION: XGS emulates a ROM03 Apple IIGS, with the following features: 
CPU and memory map emulation, graphics modes up to super high resolution, ADB 
keyboard, clock chip, battery RAM, IWM hardware emulation for Slot 5 & 6 drives, 
ProDOS block device in Slot 7 and classic Apple ][ sound. Further IIGS features 
such as Ensoniq sound and GS/OS 6 capacity will be added in future releases. 

ROMS: XGS does not come with the necessary ROMs. The emulator requires a copy of 
the Apple IIGS ROM03 - these ROMs can be copied from your Apple IIGS by 
following the procedures in the "README" text file included with the package.

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: Non-standard. Includes a utility named "raw2img" to convert 
disk-images from raw disk dumps ("dd" output, or DOS-ordered .DO/.DSK 5.25" 
images) into XGS image files.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 90 MHz Pentium or better, running some sort of Unix 
operating system, an X server running in 16- or 24-bit color at a resolution of 
at least 800 x 600 pixels (8-bit support will be available from version 0.20), 
Unix Sound System (USS) and a USS-supported sound card.

FURTHER REFERENCES: "README" (Text file included in the archive).
http://www.optera.com/~invid/emulators/XGS/ (XGS home page)


zaniWok
-------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/zaniWok.tar.Z

AUTHOR: Mat Hostetter <mjhostet@athena.mit.edu>.

STATUS: Development in progress. Check the mailing list for further information 
(email <na2sig-request@byu-ed>).

SHORT DESCRIPTION: zaniWok emulates a 128K Apple //e, with 40/80 columns, all 
graphics modes, and a lot more. Requires compiling (C source code).

ROMS: zaniWok does not include the necessary ROMs.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes), ProDOS Order (PO), 
and raw disk-images.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: NeXT.

FURTHER REFERENCES: The "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide 
contains information on this emulator (and the modifications to the DO disk-
images).


                                      ===
                                      YAE
                                      ===

Excerpted from a message from Doug Kwan (thanks for the e-mail! - Alex):

"The name of the emulator is now YAE (Yet another Apple ][ Emulator) though the 
virtual machine for the XXX platform is still called apple2.XXX. Sources of the 
basic emulator (w/o the compiler), is now available at HKU and wilbur. The file 
'yae.tar.gz' is a compressed tar file containing the source codes."

From a post by Doug Kwan on "comp.emulators.apple2" (6 Aug 1994):

>****************************************************************************
>For people not reading comp.emulators.apple2:
>
>YAE is an Apple ][ emulator written especially for RISC based workstations
>running Unix with X. The Sun and SGI versions of YAE have 
>run-time code generators tranlating on-the-fly 6502 machine code
>into SPARC or MIPS RISC machine code respectively. The software is currently
>under development and needs testers. I simple document README.apple2.sparc
>is available from wilbur.stanford.edu via anonymous ftp. The file is in
>the directory /pub/emulators/apple2/incoming. It is also available through
>my WWW home page. (See below)
>****************************************************************************
>
>I have just ported the run-time code generator to the MIPS architecture.
>As usual, I would like voluteers to try the new version of YAE for SGI 
>workstations and give me feed back. The new SGI version has been tested
>on an Indigo XS 24, an Indigo XZ 4000 and a Crimson, all running IRIX
>4.0.5. I would appreciate if someone test this on an Indy, a Indigo2
>an Onyx or any other SGI machines other than the ones I tried.
>The compressed binary is available at wilbur, look for the file
>
>./pub/emulators/apple2/incoming/apple2.mips.gz
>
>Alternatively, it is also available through my home page
>
>.URL http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan or
>.URL http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan
>
>The non-graphics performance of YAE SGI is satisfactory. On an Indigo XZ 4000,
>(R4000) the effective clock speed is ~ 2.5Mhz whereas that on an Indigo XS 24
>(R3000) is ~ 1.5Mhz. Graphics of YAE still needs improvement. Action games is
>playable on most SGI's but the speed is slower than a real Apple for very
>graphics extensive games. For games with medium graphics workload like 
>Lode-runner or One-on-One. The emulator run at 90% to above 100% of a
>real Apple on an Indigo XZ 4000. YAE SGI also support 16KHz sampling sound
>emulation on most SGI's I've tested.
>
>Since last week, I have been asked by people where to get the necessary ROM
>images and whether I could give them away. If you are not a regular reader of
>comp.emulators.apple2, get and read the FAQ list of comp.emulators.apple2.
>The FAQ list contains all you need to know about ROM images.
>
>Cheers
>
>-Doug


Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.dec.gz"
-----------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.dec.Z
Available through WWW from:
http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan
http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan

AUTHOR: Doug Kwan <ctkwan@csd.hku.hk>.

STATUS: Under development.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: DEC version of the emulator.

ROMS: Not included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: DEC.

FURTHER REFERENCES: ???.


Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.ibm.gz"
-----------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.ibm.Z
Available through WWW from:
http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan
http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan

AUTHOR: Doug Kwan <ctkwan@csd.hku.hk>.

STATUS: Under development.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: From a posting by the author to comp.emulators.apple2: "In 
addition to the SPARC based Apple ][ emulator I have uploaded to wilbur. I have 
just uploaded another two binaries for Silicon Graphics workstations and IBM 
RS6000 workstations (include PowerPC). These files are apple2.mips.gz (40k) and 
apple2.ibm.gz (21k) respectively. The non-Sun versions do not have a compiler 
built in but games are very playable with medium fast to very fast workstations. 
Even with a lot of graphics, the SGI version runs almost native on an R4000 
indigo and run faster than a real Apple on an Indigo2 Extreme. The SGI version 
supports audio."

ROMS: Not included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: IBM RS6000/PowerPC workstations running AIX 2.3.

FURTHER REFERENCES: ???.


Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.mips.gz"
-----------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.mips.Z
Available through WWW from:
http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan
http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan

AUTHOR: Doug Kwan <ctkwan@csd.hku.hk>.

STATUS: Under development.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: From a posting by the author to comp.emulators.apple2: "In 
addition to the SPARC based Apple ][ emulator I have uploaded to wilbur. I have 
just uploaded another two binaries for Silicon Graphics workstations and IBM 
RS6000 workstations (include PowerPC). These files are apple2.mips.gz (40k) and 
apple2.ibm.gz (21k) respectively. The non-Sun versions do not have a compiler 
built in but games are very playable with medium fast to very fast workstations. 
Even with a lot of graphics, the SGI version runs almost native on an R4000 
indigo and run faster than a real Apple on an Indigo2 Extreme. The SGI version 
supports audio."

ROMS: Not included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Silicon Graphics Iris Indigo (R3000/R4000), Crimson, 
Indigo2, Indigo2 Extreme running Irix 4.0.X.

FURTHER REFERENCES: ???.


Yet Another Apple ][ Emulator - "apple2.sparc.gz"
-----------------------------

AVAILABILITY: Available for anonymous FTP from:
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/d_kwan/apple2.sparc.Z
Available through WWW from:
http://srg01.csd.hku.hk:8000/~ctkwan
http://www.csd.hku.hk/~ctkwan

AUTHOR: Doug Kwan <ctkwan@csd.hku.hk>.

STATUS: Under development.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: Apple2.sparc is an emulator still in the testing stage. It 
translates on-the-fly 6502 machine codes into SPARC equivalents. Only one slot 6 
disk-drive is supported, although the emulator can write to the disk-images. 
Check the README file for further emulator specifications. The Apple ROMs are 
not provided; they must be copied into two binary files named "APPLE.ROM" and 
"DISK.ROM". Only the Sun version supports run-time code generation.

ROMS: Not included.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/apple.rom

DISK-IMAGE FORMAT: DOS3.3 Order (DO - size: 143360 bytes).

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Sun SPARC's running SunOS 4.X and Solaris (SunOS 5.X).

FURTHER REFERENCES: The "README.apple2.sparc" document contains basic 
information on this emulator.


                         ==============================
                         APPLEIIGS EMULATORS & PROJECTS
                         ==============================

AppleIIGS PROJECT
-----------------

"CALLING ALL PROGRAMMERS!

"I have been trying to get involved with an APPLE IIGS emulator for a while now. 
I am a programmer with 10 years of VIABLE programming experience on a multitude 
of platforms (including the Apple II and IIgs).

"The problem is that the ONLY emulator that was even being developed for the PC 
has been scrapped. I want to get an emulator running on PC/Intel Architecture by 
the end of the year. I don't plan on using "clean-room" techniques to reverse 
engineer the damn ROMS. We will use what is available. Hopefully, by the time 
the project becomes a real issue, apple will release the ROMS to public domain.

"If there are ANY programmers that would like to get involved with this project 
PLEASE contact me at:

" Steven W. Mentzer (steve@scaryland.com)

"ps- If you are an interested programmer, a working knowledge of apple II
    architecture and programming techniques is a MUST. Working knowledge
    of C/C++ is a MUST. Some knowledge of 80x86 is a real PLUS."


Fast Eddie
----------

See "Fast Eddie" in the Apple Macintosh Platform section of this Chapter.


Gus
---

See "Gus" in the Apple Macintosh Platform section of this Chapter.


Hindenburg PROJECT
------------------

AVAILABILITY: Information about this project can be found at:
http://www.best.com/~hexman/hindenburg.html
ftp://ftp.best.com/pub/hexman/hindenburg/announcement

AUTHOR: Tony Morales <hexman@best.com>.

STATUS: Work in progress; should be completed mid to late 1996.

SHORT DESCRIPTION: The Hindenburg Project is the code name for a ROM 3 Apple 
IIGS emulator for the Macintosh. See "The Hindenburg Project FAQ" for further 
information.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: 68030, 68040 or Power PC Macintosh with a speed of 25MHz 
or higher (Power PC recommended).

FURTHER REFERENCE
faq: "The Hindenburg Project FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions, and answers) 1.1" 
by Tony Morales <hexman@netcom.com>.
ftp://ftp.best.com/pub/hexman/hindenburg/faq


VirtualGS(tm) EMULATOR PROJECT
------------------------------

The latest information on the state of this new project can be found in the 
"VirtualGS(tm) Project -- DESCRIPTIONS AND CHARTER" FAQ:

   Related newsgroup   : comp.emulators.apple2
   Related FTP site    : ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs [Home site]
   vGS Home Page       : http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/vgs/vgshome.html
   For more information: <jered@mit.edu> [Jered Floyd]
                         OR <jered@vorlon.mit.edu>, <root@vorlon.mit.edu>
                         http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/jered.html


         !!!WATCH COMP.EMULATORS.APPLE2 FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS!!!


XGS (version 0.30)
---

See "XGS" in the Unix/NeXT Platform section of this Chapter.


*******************************************************************************

3) Emulator resources


                         =============================
                         EMULATOR & RELATED FILE SITES
                         =============================

AMIGA

ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/amiga/emulators/ (128.255.200.3)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/ (146.228.10.15) & MIRRORS

APPLE MACINTOSH

ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/ (138.23.90.119)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/ (198.69.130.252)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/mac/ (131.246.9.95)

ATARI

ftp://atari.archive.umich.edu/atari/Emulators/ (141.211.120.11) & MIRRORS
ftp://nic.switch.ch/mirror/atari/Emulators/ (130.59.1.40)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/atari/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/atari/umich.edu/Emulators/ (128.252.135.4)

IBM-PC (DOS, MS Windows & Linux)

ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/ (198.69.130.252)
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/emulator/ (129.186.78.131)
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple8/Emulators/ (128.255.200.3)
ftp://sunb.ocs.mq.edu.au/PC/Emulators/ (137.111.1.11)
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/Emulators/ (198.86.40.81) & MIRRORS
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ (131.246.9.95)

UNIX

ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/8bit/emulators/ (131.215.48.49) & MIRRORS
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/systems/sgi/ (129.69.18.15)


                          ===========================
                          DISK-IMAGE & SOFTWARE SITES
                          ===========================

A NOTE ABOUT DISK-IMAGES - Like the Apple ][ ROMs, disk-images are duplicates of 
copyrighted material; as a result, few FTP sites feel that they can legally 
maintain copies of such software. However, from a commercial point of view, the 
majority of said software is no longer for sale (notable exceptions include the 
Ultima and Infocom series) and most of the companies themselves no longer exist. 
Basically, the software in it's original format would not be commercially viable 
EXCEPT to the emulator market, but the Apple ][ community still exists to a 
greater extent than the C64 and Spectrum platforms (which both possess FTP sites 
of disk-image software) so the capacity to transfer disk-images BACK to the 
Apple computer is seen as a possible source of software piracy. Some Apple ][ 
software has been released into the public domain, is free or Shareware (as 
indicated below): these include the Eamon adventure series amongst others. Most 
of this type of software is, however, not in disk-image format and can be found 
on the FTP sites below.

FREEWARE/PUBLIC DOMAIN/SHAREWARE/OTHER (disk-image format)

ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/PublicDomain/ (138.23.90.119)
  Site Maintainer - Kevin Lund <kevin@cassandra.ucr.edu>
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/ (198.69.130.252)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/applewin/disks.zip
http://www.asimov.net/
  Site Maintainer - Patrick Michael Kane <modus@robot.asimov.net>
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/images/ (129.186.78.131)
  Site Maintainer - Brian Jeffrey Hille <bjhille@iastate.edu>
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/disk_images/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/emulators/emu.disks.tar.Z
  Site Maintainer - Unknown
ftp://res154034.gannon.wsu.edu/apple2/ (134.121.154.34)
  Site Maintainer - Michael Kelsey <mkelsey@eecs.wsu.edu>
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/appleII/


FREEWARE/PUBLIC DOMAIN/SHAREWARE (non disk-image format)
(see also Q#4 in Part 1 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked Questions")

ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ (131.215.48.151)
ftp://ionews.io.org/pub/apple/ (198.133.36.6)
ftp://ftp.uu.net/systems/apple2/ (192.48.96.9)
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/ (131.246.9.95)
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/apple2/ (128.252.135.4)
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/ (128.255.200.3)


OFFICIAL APPLE SOFTWARE (incl. MACINTOSH LC //e CARD SOFTWARE):

ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/ (130.43.2.3)
  Apple ][/IIGS/Macintosh system software, tools and information.

ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-installer-disk-image.hqx &
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx
ftp://ftp.apple.com/dts/utils/diskcopy-4-2.hqx
  Requires Apple's "Disk Copy" application to read master disk-images and write
  them to 1.44Mb disks.


                       ==================================
                       MISCELLANEOUS SOFTWARE INFORMATION
                       ==================================

(i) Products

Golden Orchard (Apple II CD-ROM) - Primary focus is on the IIGS.
"It contains over 600 megabytes of files useful to Apple II owners, including 
tons of freeware, shareware, utilities, games, graphics, sounds, music, source 
code, and much more...[it] can be fully accessed on a Mac or Apple IIGS equipped 
with CD-ROM drive. (Apple IIe owners can access the ProDOS partition only.)" 
ProDOS and (Mac) HFS partitioned (not PC-compatible). Information and purchase 
details available from sites below:
email: <digisoft@hypermall.com>
http://www-leland.stanford.edu/~jagaroth/digisoft/orchard.html

(ii) Games - 

Bilestoad - Information concerning the port of this classic Apple ][ game to the 
Macintosh.
http://www.continuumsi.com/~marc/bilestoad.html

Brderbund - Lode Runner Fan Site, new levels for LR Classic and The Legend 
Returns, Macintosh conversion utilities - might be of some use to the 8-bit 
version of the game.
ftp://wcl-l.bham.ac.uk/pub/djh/loderunner/ (147.188.68.4)

Eamon - Adventure series information and links.
http://www.lysator.liu.se/eamon/
  Copies of the software available from:
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/appleII/eamon/

Infocom - The Interactive Fiction archive contains adventure series information, 
solutions, Inform compilers, and new ports.
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/infocom/ (129.26.8.84)
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/wsr/Web/IF/homepage.html
usenet: rec.arts.int-fiction
usenet: rec.games.int-fiction

Lord British/Origin - Non-official Ultima homepages, walkthroughs, maps, cracks.
http://www.udic.org/ultima/
http://www.mindspring.com/~herrin/ultima/
http://www.why.com/ultima/
ftp://ftp.udic.org/pub/ud/ (205.198.168.121)
usenet: alt.games.ultima
faq: "Commodore 64 and Apple 2 Ultima FAQ" by Caliaber Dragon
<Caliaber@primenet.com>.

Scott Adams - Adventure series solutions.
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/games/scott-adams/ (129.26.8.84)

Ultima Dragons Internet Chapter - UDIC. Social club whose members share the 
common interest of the Ultima series.
http://www.udic.org/ultima/
ftp://ftp.udic.org/pub/ud/ (205.198.168.121)
usenet: alt.games.ultima.dragons, rec.games.computer.ultima-dragons

Ultima III - Information concerning the port of this classic Apple ][ game to 
the Macintosh.
http://www.swcp.com/~beastie/ultima3.html

Wasteland - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) file for this outstanding RPG.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/wasteland_faq_03-31-1996.txt.gz
http://www.cris.com/~chbaer/wasteland.txt
  Tips for running Wasteland with STM (see "Stop the Madness" in the Apple 
Macintosh Platform section of Chapter 2) available from:
http://www.cris.com/~chbaer/stm.html

Screenshots of classic Apple ][ games.
http://jones.netplace.com/apple.html

Videogames - The Coin-Ops-A-Poppin' Killer List of Video Games. See where some 
of those Apple games came from (and where some of them went!)
ftp://wiretap.spies.com/game_archive/gameList/ (140.174.164.191)

(iii) Services

Project 64 attempts to preserve Commodore 64 related documents in electronic 
text format. A number of game manuals are relevant to the Apple ][.
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/pcgeek/proj64.htm

Software deprotection tips (by Zelix).
ftp://ftp.stolaf.edu/pub/apple2/apple.tips.txt (130.71.128.9)

Solutions (mainly for newer games, but occasional Apple ][/C64 games - mostly 
adventures - are listed. Especially in the "unknown" sections :-) ).
http://wcl-rs.bham.ac.uk/~djh/index.html   (The Games Domain)
http://www.et.ee/spoiler/                  (The Spoiler's Centre)

SPAG (Society for the Preservation of Adventure Games) is an e-mail zine 
dedicated to (mainly) text adventures. Apple ][ and compatible format games are 
listed/reviewed. 
email: G. Kevin Wilson <whizzard@uclink.berkeley.edu> - subscriptions
http://wcl-l.bham.ac.uk/pub/djh/faqs/SPAG.faq - FAQ
ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/magazines/SPAG/ (129.26.8.84) - back issues

USoX (Used Software Exchange) is a marketplace for buying and selling used 
software. Software for a variety of platforms is supported, including the Apple 
][.
http://www.hyperion.com/usx/index.html


                                 ==============
                                 WORLD WIDE WEB
                                 ==============

APPLE ][ & RELATED EMULATOR WWW PAGES:

http://www.rockpile.com/~cowgod/apple2/apple2.html
  Cowgod's Apple ][ Emulation Page.

http://geta.life.uiuc.edu/~badger/apple2.html
  Jonathan Badger's Apple ][ emulator page.

http://www.duke-net.com/apple/
  Chris, Mark & Terry's Apple ][ Home Page.

http://www.unix-ag.uni-kl.de/%7Esteve/emulation/emulation.html
  Stefan Hermes' list of emulator homepages. Contains html link to Asimov 
archive.

http://www.cs.csubak.edu/~jstiles/emulator/apple2/index.html
  John Stiles' list of emulators for the Macintosh (including the Apple ][).

http://members.aol.com/chrissalo/emu1.htm
  Chris' list of emulators for the PC (including the Apple ][).

http://jones.netplace.com/apple.html
  The Apple ][ Classic Games Page. Contains various screen shots of classic 
Apple games.

http://www.cs.umd.edu/users/fms/comp/Emulation/Apple.html
  Information on Apple ][ and Macintosh emulators.

http://www.uruk.org/emu/main.html
  Emulation software R&D, links to Personal Computing and Emulation page. Main 
applicability to Apple platform is information on Macintosh emulators.

http://www.laughton.com/Apple/Apple.html
  History of Apple computers.

http://www.ccn.cs.dal.ca/Technology/AppleUsersGroup/NSAUG.html
  The Nova Scotia Apple Users Group. Links to technical information on the Apple 
][ series, Apple ][ FTP sites and other Apple groups online.

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/handel/a2.html
  General Apple ][ information and resources, links to other related pages.

http://www.apple.com/
  Apple Computer.

http://www.visi.com/~nathan/a2/index.html
  Nathan Mates' Apple ][ Resources Home page. Links to Apple ][ related pages.

http://www.visi.com/~nathan/a2/com/index.html
  The Apple ][ Companies page. So far, Procyon, Sequential Systems, KPL Systems, 
Digisoft, The Byte Works, and more have things there.
http://www.hypermall.com/byteworks/ (The Byte Works page)
http://www.hypermall.com/ego (EGO Systems page)


                                 =============
                                 USENET GROUPS
                                 =============

EMULATOR NEWSGROUPS:

usenet: alt.binaries.emulators

usenet: alt.emulators
usenet: alt.emulators.ibmpc
usenet: alt.emulators.ibmpc.apple2 (*)

usenet: comp.emulators
usenet: comp.emulators.announce (Moderator - )
usenet: comp.emulators.apple2 (*)
usenet: comp.emulators.cbm
usenet: comp.emulators.misc (*)
usenet: comp.emulators.ms-windows
usenet: comp.emulators.ms-windows.wine

usenet: comp.sys.amiga.emulation
usenet: comp.sys.amiga.emulations (*)

(* = groups which usually feature some Apple ][ discussion)
SOME GROUPS WILL NOT BE CARRIED BY ALL NEWS-SERVERS!


                              ===================
                              GENERAL INFORMATION
                              ===================

APPLE I INFORMATION:

History and pictures:
http://www.wco.com/~3d5d1wsw/gsezine/GS.WorldView/*APPLE.HISTORY/


APPLE ][ "FSP" SITE:

The A2 Site address is: 134.184.15.12 2424


APPLE /// INFORMATION:

History and pictures:
http://www.ncsc.dni.us/fun/user/tcc/cmuseum/apple3.htm

faq: "THE APPLE /// FAQ FILE" by David Ottalini
<dave.ottalini@pro-applepi.wap.org>.

faq: "APPLE /// INTERNET FAQ" by Jeff Marraccini <jeff@oak.oakland.edu>, edited 
by Dave Ottalini <Dave.Ottalini@tcs.wap.org>.

ftp://names.wvu.edu/pub/apple3/ (157.182.140.2)

mailing list: to subscribe, send e-mail to <listserv@wvnvm.wvnet.edu> with a 
first line reading "subscribe APPLE3-L YourName". The list address is
<apple3-l@wvnvm.wvnet.edu>. Maintainer: <jfritz@wvnvm.wvnet.edu>.


*******************************************************************************

4) Compression techniques

The list of extensions below will indicate what format the compression or 
translation is; from there refer to the "compression" document for cross-
platform applications or executables. For Apple ][ compression formats (which 
are not covered here) check Q#5-9 in Part 1 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently 
Asked Questions".
ftp://ftp.cso.uiuc.edu/doc/pcnet/compression (128.174.5.61)

  .arc       Arc (Amiga/Atari) - transfer as a binary file ['DArj'/'TEXT']
  .arj       Arj (PC) - transfer as a binary file ['arc@'/'TEXT']
* .bin       BinHex 5.0/MacBinary (Mac) - transfer as binary file['BnHq'/'TEXT']
* .bsc       Binscii (Apple ][) - transfer as a text file
  .cpt       Compact Pro (Mac) - transfer as a binary file ['CPCT'/'PACT']
# .dsz       GNU Zip (Unix) - rename to ".gz" before decompressing
# .gz        GNU Zip (Unix) - transfer as a binary file ['Gzip'/'Gzip']
* .hqx       BinHex 4.0 (Mac) - transfer as a text file ['BNHQ'/'TEXT']
  .lha       LHA (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file ['LARC'/'LHA ']
  .lzh       LHA (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file ['LARC'/'LARC']
$ .shk/sdk   ShrinkIt archive (Apple ][ format containing files or a disk-image)
  .sit       StuffIt Lite/Deluxe (Mac) - transfer as binary file ['SIT!'/'SITD']
  .tar       TAR/Tape ARchive (Unix) - transfer as a binary file ['TAR '/'TARF']
* .uue       Uuencode/Uudecode (PC/Unix) - transfer as text file ['JeFF'/'TEXT']
# .Z         Compress (Unix) - transfer as a binary file ['LZIV'/'ZIVU']
  .zip       PK Zip (PC) - transfer as a binary file ['ZIP '/'pZIP']
  .zoo       Zoo (Amiga/PC) - transfer as a binary file ['Booz'/'ZOO ']

[Square brackets] denote Macintosh file creator/type information .

* These formats are translators; uuencoding (.uue) and binhexing (.hqx) are used 
to convert binary files into text files so that they can be posted to a binary 
newsgroup or e-mailed. Binscii (.bsc) is a similar process for the Apple ][; use 
"Shrink II" on the Macintosh (see below). The BinHex 5.0 format (.bin) is 
Macintosh-specific; it is used to append the file/type creator information to 
the file in the first 128 bytes. Although emulators such as AppleWin can read 
disks with the MacBinary header, for compatibility with other emulators it is 
often better to remove the header. On the PC, use "bin2dsk" or "mactopc".
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/bin2dsk.zip
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/mactopc.exe

# These formats are single-file compressors - the other compressors on the list 
compress AND archive. Consequently, .Z and .gz are often used in conjunction 
with other archivers, primarily Tar (.tar), resulting in the following: 
"filename.tar.gz" or "filename.tar.Z". Usually easier to remove on a Unix 
platform prior to download (use "uncompress" or "gzip" to extract).

$ Okay, so I said I wasn't going to cover Apple ][ formats... Use "Nulib" by 
Andy McFadden <fadden@uts.amdahl.com> for the PC or Unix to extract shrunk disk-
images (usually shown by .SDK rather than .SHK) or files from this type of 
archive. For Macintosh users, EGO Systems provide a commercial product called 
"Shrink II" which can create/extract NuFX/ShrinkIt archives and other Apple ][ 
formats. Cost: US$39.95, from EGO Systems, 7918 Cove Ridge Rd., Hixson, TN 
37343. Phone: 1-800-662-3634. Additionally, Matthew Russotto <russotto@pond.com> 
compiled "A2dearc", a Macintosh dearchiver for .SHK, .QQ and .HQX files.
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/nulib.zip (PC compile version 3.03)
ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ARCHIVERS/nulib324.tar.Z (Unix source)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/A2dearc.gz
http://www.hypermall.com/ego (EGO Systems product information & ordering)

IMPORTANT NOTE: Where a filename possesses two or more extensions (eg. 
"filename.tar.gz" or "filename.sit.hqx") ALWAYS download the file according to 
the LAST extension (ie. if the last extension is .uue then it is safe to 
download it as text). If in doubt, download it as a BINARY file. When 
processing, start at the LAST extension and work inwards. Remember, if using a 
PC, it is only possible to have one extension visible in the filename at a time.

To find out more about compression in detail, try the "comp.compression.faq".
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/
comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_1_3)
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/
comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_2_3)
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.compression/
comp.compression_Frequently_Asked_Questions_(part_3_3)


*******************************************************************************

5) Creating/extracting disk-images

  Eager PC-owners have no doubt turned quickly to this section to learn how to 
read Apple ][ disks in their 5.25" drives... Well, you can't. Basically, PC 
drives and Apple drives use different encoding techniques. Check out Part 1,#11 
in "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide for more information. But 
don't panic! Follow this easy two step guide to creating disk-images, and 
transferring them to the required computer. The following steps apply only to 
standard DOS, ProDOS and compatible disks (those that can be copied by Copya). 
More detailed instructions are usually given in the archive packages. To 
transfer ROMs or text files (or indeed any file from an Apple ][), just 
substitute those files in place of the disk-images in the following examples.


Step One: CREATING DISK-IMAGES

  There are several methods of creating disk-images, depending upon either 
personal preference or (more likely) the Apple ][ hardware you have available. 
The minimum required is an Apple ][ with at least two 5.25" disk drives and a 
serial card (preferably capable of running ProDOS). This step has been split 
into three sections as follows: (i) creating segmented disk-images (if you only 
have two 5.25" drives), (ii) creating whole disk-images, and (iii) creating 
shrunk disk-images.
  It is also possible to read an image from a 5.25" drive and transfer it at the 
same time (if you only have one 5.25" drive, for example). This is covered in 
Step Two Part (i), in which case you may skip Step One.

(i) Creating segmented disk-images - The largest obstacle to creating a disk-
image is storing the resulting file prior to transfer. Unless you own a 3.5 
drive, hard-drive or have enough RAM on your Apple to store the file, then 
segmenting the disk-image will permit its storage over multiple volumes. This is 
useful, for example, in reading a 5.25" disk in Slot 6 Drive 1 and storing it in 
two (or more) parts on disks in Slot 6 Drive 2. "DSK2FILE v3.0" by Ron Kneusel 
<rkneusel@post.its.mcw.edu> offers segmentation as an option. It will 
automatically prompt for a ProDOS pathname and filename prior to start and 
halfway throught the operation, thus creating two files. The "CHOP" application 
(for MSDOS and Macintosh, C source code for Unix) by the same author can be used 
to reassemble the disk-image on other platforms. Alternatively, "Diskread" by 
Damon J. Rand <D.Rand@cantva.canterbury.ac.nu>, is a DOS 3.3 BASIC application 
which allows the user to specify start and end tracks for segmentation (useful 
for varying the size of output files). Similarly, the DOS 3.3 program "Diskdump" 
by David A. Curran <curran@titan.ucs.umass.edu> will segment a DOS 3.3 disk into 
eight binary files over two disks. The resulting files from both programs can be 
rejoined by using the "copy" command under MSDOS or concatenated by any usual 
method for binary files on any platform (check the documentation for further 
details).

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/dsk2file30.shk
ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/chop.c
ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/chop.cpt.hqx
ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/chop.zip
http://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/software.html (WWW access to FTP site)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/diskread.bsc
ftp://ftp.uu.net/systems/apple2/unix/diskdump.aaf.Z


(ii) Creating whole disk-images - If your Apple system has enough RAM, a 3.5" 
drive, Appleshare volume or hard-disk, then you can store a disk-image in its 
entirety prior to transfer. The versatile "DSK2FILE v3.0" by Ron Kneusel 
<rkneusel@post.its.mcw.edu> can be used to create whole DOS or ProDOS order 
disk-images. "Image" by Randy Shackelford <shack@crash.cts.com> is a faster 
ProDOS program which creates DOS order disk-images only. "RTRK" by Andrew 
Kingdom <agk@ausom.oz.au> will write disk-images from 5.25" disks to larger 
volumes. Central Points Copy II+ 7.1 also allows the creation of a 
proprietary disk-image format (this can be converted into a standard disk-image 
on the Macintosh using Image Converter by Lazarus I. Long).

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/dsk2file30.shk
http://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/software.html (WWW access to FTP site)
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/IMAGE.SHK
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/rtrk.zip
http://www.wco.com/~3d5d1wsw/gsezine/GS.WorldView/*A2.DISK.IMAGES/IC.sit


(iii) Creating shrunk disk-images - "Shrunk" disk-images were not originally 
intended for use with emulators, being a type of NuFX archive created by 
ShrinkIt. As opposed to a standard .SHK file which usually contains files, an 
.SDK file contains a whole compressed disk (for archival or transfer purposes). 
This can be extracted to a disk-image under MSDOS or Unix using "Nulib" by Andy 
McFadden <fadden@uts.amdahl.com> - and as such, is a better method than creating 
a standard disk-image, since the .SDK file is compressed for faster transfer. 
"Nulib" outputs a ProDOS order disk-image. Although any version of ShrinkIt can 
create shrunk disk archives, it is preferable to use ShrinkIt 3.0 and above 
(hence using a 128K //e, //c or IIGS) since earlier versions (such as IIPLUS 
Shrinkit) don't prompt for a disk-image title within the archive. Without a 
title, "Nulib" cannot extract the (nameless) image from the .SDK archive.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/nulib.zip (PC compile version 3.03)
ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ARCHIVERS/nulib324.tar.Z (Unix source)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/shrinkit34.sdk


Step Two: TRANSFERRING DISK-IMAGES

(i) Creating and sending disk-images "on the fly" - In order to bypass the 
problems with storing disk-images on the Apple, it is possible to simultaneously 
create and send images via null-modem cable to a Macintosh, PC, Amiga etc. This 
requires a serial card and at least one 5.25" drive on the Apple. This process 
is intended for older Apples (those with actual serial CARDS rather than PORTS). 
"Apple Disk Transfer 1.21" by Paul Guertin <guertinp@iro.umontreal.ca> is a 
comprehensive package with MSDOS and Apple ][ (DOS 3.3) executables to simplify 
transfer. "MacADT v120a1s" by Hideki Naito <pbc03243@niftyserve.or.jp> gives a 
Macintosh interface for ADT. Another similar transfer program is "Senddisk" by 
Rich Williamson <glitch@eskimo.com>, which also has a DOS 3.3 and MSDOS 
executable. "A2PCTR v1.1" by Nye Liu <nyet@halycon.com> transfers a disk-image 
as a hex dump to the MSDOS platform. The "Apple II Disk Transfer Utility PRO" by 
Ronald W.H. Mak and Alan W.L. Siu is an integrated Apple II/MSDOS package 
written in assembly. For further details consult the instructions included with 
the relevant package.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/adt121.zip
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/MacADT120a1s.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/senddisk.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/a2pctr11.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/apibm206.arj


(ii) Sending disk-images by modem/null-modem cable - With your disk-image(s) 
created in Step One, there are several methods which can be used to move them to 
your Macintosh, PC or Amiga. Using the serial card or port on the Apple and a 
telecommunications package (see Q#3, Step 6 in Part 1 of the "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 
Frequently Asked Questions" guide for Apple comm programs) send the image via 
null-modem cable to another computer, or via modem to an Internet account, BBS, 
etc. The Apple //e and IIGS can be networked to a Macintosh, allowing easy 
transferral of disk-images from the Apple to a network volume.
    The "][ in a Mac" emulator by COMPUTER:applications, Inc. also possesses the 
ability to create ProDOS order disk-images via a null-modem cable.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://wilbur.stanford.edu/pub/apple2/][inamac.txt


(iii) Transferring via disk to compatible drives - As mentioned earlier, the 
standard PC 5.25" drive cannot read Apple ][ disks. However, all Macintosh 
computers can read, write and format 3.5" ProDOS disks - with the "ProDOS File 
System" extension, System 7.5 (with standard DOS-mounting software) or Apple 
File Exchange installed. Since Macintosh Superdrives can also read PC 3.5" 
floppies, disk-images can by easily transferred to MSDOS computers. 
Alternatively, use a Macintosh LC which has the IIE card attached. Place your 
5.25" disk into the attached external drive and use the "DSK2FILE" program under 
the emulator, specifying either the Macintosh hard-drive, RAM, or the 3.5" 
floppy as the path. From there, take the ProDOS 800K disk and insert it into the 
internal Macintosh drive.
  For Apple //e, //c, IIGS compatibility with 3.5" drives and Macintosh 880K 
disks, check Q#37-45 in Part 2 of "COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked 
Questions".
  Amiga owners with an Amiga 1020 5.25" disk-drive (or equivalent) can use 
"Disk2File" by Ron Menelli <menelli@uiuc.edu> to read unprotected Apple 5.25" 
disks and create a standard disk-image. A 40 track drive is recommended, 
although 80 track drives are supported. There MAY be problems with drive-speed 
reading Apple ][ disks; this can be adjusted following instructions appearing in 
the "1541.doc" file ("1541" allows Amiga 5.25" drives to read C64 disks). 
"Disk2File" is included as part of the "Apple2000" emulator package for the 
Amiga.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.wustl.edu/systems/amiga/aminet/misc/emu/1541.lha
ftp://ftp.apple.com/software/aii/lc.iiecard/iie-startup-disk-image.hqx
(the "ProDOS File System" is part of the disk-image - use Disk Copy to extract).
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "Disk2File")


(iv) Miscellaneous - If you don't have a serial card on your Apple, try 
"Ap2222PC" by Clay Chang. This DOS 3.3 program will transfer disk and sequential 
text files between the PC and Apple using the Apple game I/O port, one 5.25" 
drive and the PC parallel port (use 48K DOS only!). Alternatively, "Apl2serial" 
by Warren Toomey <wkt@csadfa.cs.adfa.oz.au> contains details on connecting an 
Apple's cassette port output to a PC via RS232 cable, as well as binary 
executables for creation/transfer. Or, use "SoundReader" by Mike Kienenberger 
<SXMLK@ACAD3.ALASKA.EDU>, which transmits binary data from an Apple to a NeXT 
via the audio ports on the respective machines.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/ap2222pc.zip
ftp://grind.isca.uiowa.edu/apple2/apple8/Emulators/ap2222pc.bsc (A2 archive)
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/apl2serial.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/SoundReader.tar.gz


    NOTE: It is a great deal easier to transfer disk-images from the Macintosh 
or Amiga to the PC (via 720K or 1.44Mb DOS disks) than it is from the Apple ][ 
straight to the PC (although there are hardware boards to connect Apple 5.25"  
drives to the PC, they are rare). On the Macintosh, use either PC Exchange 
software (which allows PC 720K and 1.44Mb disks to be inserted into Mac HD disk-
drives), Apple File Exchange, or System 7.5 (with standard DOS-mounting 
software). On the PC, use Macsee or Mac-Ette (both Shareware) or Macindos, which 
all read 1.44Mb Macintosh disks. On the Amiga, use Dos2Dos (KS 1.2/1.3) or 
CrossDOS (inbuilt KS/WB2.1) to read 720K DOS disks in the Amiga 3.5" drive. 
NOTE: Macintosh 400/800K disks are NOT compatible with either Amiga or PC 
drives. Always ensure Binary/Data translation rather than MacBinary!


                       MAKING COPY-PROTECTED DISK-IMAGES

Super Saltine's Transcopy (SST) - A complete package for the expert disk-image 
creator!  The "Sst.readme" file contains the necessary instructions (which are 
too detailed to repeat here). SST may not work on some computers; a suggested 
fix from Bob Colbert <rcolbert@oasis.novia.net> follows:

  1) Boot the Dos 3.3 floppy with SST on it and get to the ] prompt
  2) Type: CALL -151
  3) Type: BLOAD SST
  4) Type: 1F4E:EA
  5) Type: BSAVE SST, A$B00, L$5500

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/images/utility/Super_Saltines_Transcopy/
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/sst.zip (archive of package)


                            EXTRACTING DISK-IMAGES

It is possible to convert a disk-image BACK to an Apple ][ 5.25" disk. "UnImage 
v0.1" by Ivan Drucker <drucker@lclark.edu> will convert disk-images back to 
disks. One of the options of "DSK2FILE 3.0" by Ron Kneusel 
<rkneusel@post.its.mcw.edu> is to write an image file back to 5.25" floppy. 
Alternatively, "DeImage v0.1" by Ivan Drucker extracts Applesoft and Binary 
files from disk-images into ProDOS, although the process will only work with 
standard DOS3.3 disks (ie. disks possessing a catalog). Finally, "UnForkIt v0.1" 
also by Ivan Drucker converts forked files on ProDOS volumes to one or two 
unforked files. These utilities all require the disk-image to be on a mounted 
ProDOS volume. "Apple Disk Transfer 1.20" by Paul Guertin 
<guertinp@iro.umontreal.ca> can transfer a disk-image from MSDOS or Macintosh to 
a 5.25" Apple drive via null-modem cable. Finally, it is possible to create a 
"shrunk" disk-image in reverse. Having reordered the disk-image into ProDOS 
Order (if necessary), use "Nulib" (version 3.2 or greater is required) to create 
a shrunk-disk (.sdk) archive. Transfer the file back to the Apple and use 
ShrinkIt to decompress the image back to a diskette.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/deimage0.1.shk
ftp://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/Q/pub/apple2/dsk2file/dsk2file30.shk
http://kreeft.intmed.mcw.edu/software.html (WWW access to FTP site)
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/unforkit0.1.shk
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/unimage0.1.shk
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/adt120.zip
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/MacADT120a1s.sit.hqx
ftp://apple2.caltech.edu/pub/apple2/ARCHIVERS/nulib324.tar.Z (Unix source)


*******************************************************************************

6) Disk-image formats & conversion


MACINTOSH/PC/UNIX

There are five main types of cross-platform disk-images. The first three are 
also covered in Part 13 of the "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" 
guide, and the last two in the "SIMIIE.DOC" and "APL24WIN.HLP files (included 
as part of the SimIIe and Apple II Emulator for Windows packages respectively). 
Nibble images and the creation of images from protected software is covered in 
the "Sst.readme" file included as part of the SST package.

THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS APPLY TO UNCOMPRESSED DISK-IMAGE FILES ONLY!
Disk-images CAN be copied between platforms and they WILL work with a variety of 
emulators. If in doubt ALWAYS ensure BINARY translation between platforms!


1) DOS3.3 Order (DO/.DSK) - The most widely-used disk-image format, easily 
translated into other formats. As suggested by the title, data is stored track 
by track and sector by sector (Track 0, Sector 0 -> Track 22, Sector 15) for a 
standard 1:1 copy of a 35 track, 16 sector DOS 3.3 disk (256 bytes per sector). 
It usually has a .DSK extension. This image is 143360 bytes in size (143488 with 
MacBinary header).

On the MACINTOSH - DO: To use this format with Stop The Madness, ensure that the 
file is downloaded or transferred in binary - not Macbinary - mode (and is 
143360 bytes) and set the file type to 'DSK5' and the creator to 'A2EM' using 
ResEdit, UUlite, etc. STM will *NOT* recognize the disk-image unless it has the 
correct file type/creator, even if it is of the correct size and is a binary 
file. "Drop?Disk" is a drag-and-drop application which automatically converts 
the file type and creator of disk-images for use with STM. There are a number of 
utilities for the Macintosh which modify disk-images: "Easy.STM Convert.1.0" by 
Jim Surine <xevious@holonet.net>, "Aconv v1.0" by Dan Bornstein and "Converter" 
will reorder disk-image sectors into the DO type used by STM.
            DO to PO: To re-order the sectors into ProDOS order, use "DOS Order 
Converter" by Rene Gaudet <reneg@cpqhou.compaq.com> or "ProDOS-Order Converter" 
(the "mapper" algorithm automatically reorders between the two formats).

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/converter.hqx
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/easy.convert.1.0.sea.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/do2po_v0.1.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/Po_to_Do.gz
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/ProDOSOrderConv.sit.bin

On the PC - To use this format with Apl2Em or Applewin, ensure that the file is 
downloaded or transferred in binary mode (and is 143360 bytes) and that it has 
an eight character filename and .DSK extension. The current version of Apl2Em 
requires that the D1 and D2 disk-images have default names (usually SYSTEM.DSK 
and BLANK.DSK respectively), so you will have to rename your disk-image files to 
use them. Applewin can actually read .DSK files of 143488 bytes (.bin files) but 
for compatibility with other emulators it is better to translate the files 
correctly prior to use. No other form of conversion is necessary.


2) ProDOS Order (PO/.DSK) - An older disk-image format (used more widely with 
Unix emulators, since ShrinkIt archives extracted by "Nulib" produce PO images) 
which is the same size as the DO format.  This disk-image stores data in block 
rather than track/sector format (block 0, block 1 -> block 279) - the difference 
in the structure is due to ProDOS interleaving data in blocks (which equal two 
DOS sectors). This image is also 143360 bytes in size.

On the MACINTOSH - PO: To use this format with ][ In a Mac, drop a DO or Copy 
II+ 7.1 5.25 image file onto Image Converter by Lazarus I. Long and select 
the required format.
            PO to DO: The file must be downloaded in binary mode. The 
application "Easy Convert" will re-order the sectors of a disk-image into DOS3.3 
Order. This will automatically set the file type/creator attributes upon output 
to 'DSK5'/'A2EM'.  Alternatively, use "ProDOS-Order Converter".
                   

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
http://www.wco.com/~3d5d1wsw/gsezine/GS.WorldView/*A2.DISK.IMAGES/IC.sit
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/easy.convert.1.0.sea.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/Po_to_Do.gz
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/ProDOSOrderConv.sit.bin

On the PC - PO to DO: To re-order the sectors into DOS3.3 order, use "Mapper" by 
Rene Gaudet <reneg@cpqhou.compaq.com>.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/mapper.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/mapper.zip


3) Nybblized DOS3.3 Order (NDO/.NIB) - Unlike the previous two disk-image 
formats, NDO is structured by a nibble editor. According to Part 1,#13 of the 
"Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions" guide, "every three bytes of data 
have been 'bit twiddled' into four bytes, and each sector has an 'address field' 
that has the track and sector numbers." Originally used only by ApplEmu to store 
standard software, NDO can be used to store copy-protected or non-standard Apple 
disk-images (created by SST - see "Super Saltines Transcopy" in Chapter 5 of 
this FAQ). The conversion utilities listed below are solely for use with ApplEmu 
(non-protected software) images! This image is 232960 bytes in size.

On the MACINTOSH - There is currently no way to convert either from or to NDO on 
the Macintosh.

On the PC - DO to NDO: To convert PO disk-images to NDO (for use with Applemu), 
use "Em2Emu" by Tom Baker <tombaker@world.std.com>.
            NDO to DO: Use "Emu2Em" by Dan Scholnik <dpscholn@mtu.edu> to re-
order this format back into the "standard" 143360 size.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/em2emu.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/em2emu.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/emu2em.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/emu2em.zip


4) SimIIe (IIE/.IIE) - This format is used solely by SimSystem IIe, and is 
recognized by a .IIE extension. According to "SIMIIE.DOC" this format adds a 30 
byte header to the binary and GCR disk-images (none of the other formats possess 
a header) and adjusts the interleaving of the binary disk-image from DOS3.3 to 
raw hardware format. The binary format is used to store non copy-protected 
images.  This image is 143390 bytes in size. Since no FTP sites store disk-
images in IIE format, there is currently no need for a program to convert IIE 
back to DO or NDO formats. According to the "SIMIIE.DOC" this image can also 
store GCR format - "disk data in its purest GCR encoded format, the same way it 
is stored on a real Apple II...which makes this format suitable for many copy-
protection methods used on Apple II products." GCR format files will vary in 
length - usually greater than 200K.

On the MACINTOSH - There is currently no way to convert either from or to IIE on 
the Macintosh.

On the PC - DO to IIE: Use "Dsk2iie" to convert disks from Apl2Em (DO) format to 
SimIIe format. SimIIe utilities, including "dsk2iie", are available in the 
"sim2du10.zip" archive released by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cc.dixie.edu>.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2du10.zip
                                                         (contains "dsk2iie")


5) Apple II For Windows (A4W/.A4W) - This format is used solely by the Apple II 
Emulator for Windows, and is recognised by a .A4W extension. According to the 
Apple II Emulator for Windows help file this format adds a file header separated 
from the data section of the disk-image by two bytes with value 26 (1Ah). The 
binary format is used to store non copy-protected images. This image is 143388 
bytes in size. Since no FTP sites store disk-images in A4W format, there is 
currently no need for a program to convert A4W back to DO or NDO formats.

On the MACINTOSH - There is currently no way to convert either from or to A4W on 
the Macintosh.

On the PC - DO to A4W: Follow the instructions under the Disk II Diskette File 
Format heading in the Apple II Emulator for Windows help file.


6) Copy II+ 7.1 Image files (.IMG) - This version of Central Points Copy II+ 
apparently possessed the ability to write 5.25 images on 3.5 disks.

On the MACINTOSH - This image can be converted into a standard disk-image on the 
Macintosh using Image Converter by Lazarus I. Long

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
http://www.wco.com/~3d5d1wsw/gsezine/GS.WorldView/*A2.DISK.IMAGES/IC.sit


AMIGA

The Apple 2000 emulator on the Amiga uses three disk-image formats (this section 
is excerpted from the "Apple 2000.doc" file included with the Apple 2000 
package).

1) DDD - Dalton Disk Disintegrator archives (DDD was a common disk compression 
utility for the Apple). The emulator automatically decompresses them. Archives 
of this format can be saved on the Amiga and transferred back to the Apple.

2) .DISK - Filenames with a .DISK suffix are raw disk-images with no 
compression. They are capable of storing images of non-DOS and copy-protected 
disks, but are about 220K in size. According to the documentation, this format 
is to be phased out of the emulator.

3) .PROG - Filenames with a .PROG suffix are executable files; these are single 
files that were runnable from Apple DOS 3.3/ProDOS and did not require any disk 
access thereafter. These files now do not even require booting any Apple disk  
and are simply loaded into the appropriate Apple memory areas and instantly 
started.

As to using the "standard" 143360 byte disk-image (see below) with Apple 2000, 
they MUST be fully translated and decompressed - especially with regard to the 
128 byte header added by Binhex 5 (.bin) on the Macintosh. Then rename the 
143360 byte disk-image with a .disk extension.

***These Amiga formats are included for the sake of completeness - no disk-
images are stored in these formats on FTP sites (except for Apple ][ archives, 
which contain Applesoft/Basic files and can be used with the .PROG extension on 
the Amiga).***


*******************************************************************************

7) Working with disk-images


ADDING/REMOVING FILES

  Applications exist which allow the incorporation of single DOS 3.3 files - 
such as those found on "pure" Apple ][ FTP sites or in the Apple binary 
newsgroup - into existing or new disk-images. Programs such as "dsk_in" and 
"dsk_out" by Tom Baker <tombaker@world.std.com> and "VIEWDISK" and can write 
Apple files into disk-images, and extract same to MSDOS files. The "Apple2 Dos 
Utility Package v1.0" by William Night <wnight@wimsey.com> contains MSDOS 
executables for "DosStrip" and "DFormat" to copy a disk's DOS and format other 
disk-images with that DOS (useful for removing or replacing DOS 3.3), as well as 
"DiskRead" and "DiskWrit" which read and write files for disk-images. For 
Windows users, try "a2dsk v001" by Jeff Miller. On the Macintosh, "Apple ][ DOS 
3.3 Utility v1.0.0" and "A2 Disk Edit v1.1.0" by Hideki Naito 
<pbc03243@niftyserve.or.jp> offer the ability to transfer different types of 
Basic (binary and Applesoft) files as well as text files. Image2File v1.1 is 
another Macintosh utility by Ron Kneusel <rkneusel@post.its.mcw.edu> which can 
read Dos, ProDOS and Pascal DO and PO images. For SimSystem disk-images, use 
"aftp" by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cc.dixie.edu> which browses, extracts and adds 
files to SimIIe disk (.IIE) and hard-disk volumes (.HDV) - part of the 
"sim2du10" archive. The SST package contains ANSI C, MSDOS and Amiga executables 
for "Extract", a file which extracts binary files from disk-images. "Extract 2" 
by Bob Colbert <rcolbert@oasis.novia.net> is a newer version of the MS-DOS 
executable. Amiga users can also use "afid" by George Phillips 
<phillips@cs.ubc.ca> on DOS3.3 disk-images to catalog, read and write files. 
"afid" is included as part of the "Apple2000" emulator package for the Amiga. By 
the same author, "udisk" is a program (in C source code) which can read files 
from ProDOS and C64 1541 disk-images.

These applications are of vital use to use who do not possess the ability to 
make disk-images on an original Apple ][; finding a single Apple file on an FTP 
site and using it with an emulator is no longer an insurmountable problem. 
Unfortunately, all of the utilities described above (except "udisk") are 
designed only for DOS 3.3 disks and will not work on ProDOS volumes.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/dsk_in.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/dsk_out.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/viewdisk.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/a2_dos_utils_v1.zip
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/A2D33Uti098a1.sit.hqx
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/A2D33U100.sit.hqx
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/a2diskedit110.sit.hqx.txt
http://keaggy.intmed.mcw.edu/image2file.html
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2du10.zip
                                                      (contains "aftp")
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/sst.zip (contains "EXTRACT")
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/incoming/extract2.zip
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "afid")
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/udisk.shar.gz


CATALOGING

  To catalog a disk-image without running an emulator, try "catalogger" by Kevin 
Lund <kevin@cassandra.ucr.edu> on the Macintosh or "dsk_cat.zip" on the PC. For 
SimIIe disk-images, use "aftp" by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cc.dixie.edu> - part of 
the "sim2du10" archive. The SST package contains ANSI C, MSDOS and Amiga 
executables for "CATALOG", a file which catalogs standard DOS 3.3 images. Amiga 
users can also use "afid" by George Phillips <phillips@cs.ubc.ca> on DOS3.3 
disk-images to catalog, read and write files. "Afid" is included as part of the 
"Apple2000" emulator package for the Amiga.

PROGRAM LOCATIONS:
ftp://cassandra.ucr.edu/pub/apple2/incoming/catalogger.sit.hqx
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/dsk_cat.zip
ftp://friley131.res.iastate.edu/apple2/utility/dsk_cat.zip
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/emulators/simiie/sim2du10.zip
                                                      (contains "aftp")
ftp://ftp.asimov.net/pub/apple_II/utility/sst.zip (contains "CATALOG")
ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/pub/apple2/amiga/Apple2000v13.lha (contains "afid")


*******************************************************************************

8) Apple DOS/ProDOS commands

These commands are intended for use with disk-images which contain either DOS 
3.3 or any version of ProDOS. "Changing" the disk-image is equivalent to 
physically removing a disk from the Apple 5.25" or 3.5" drive and replacing it 
with another. As such, there is no DOS command to "change" a disk-image - it is 
a function integral to the emulator you are using (a menu command, icon or key 
equivalent)... Most disks use custom DOS (especially games) and will 
automatically boot when the computer is switched on or reset. If it comes up 
with a "*" prompt after boot, it means that DOS on that disk(-image) is bad, and 
the computer (or emulator) has entered the Assembly Language Monitor.

"All disk-related operations are controlled by a special program called the DISK 
OPERATING SYSTEM, or DOS. BASIC transmits requests to DOS for any operation 
involving the disk. The DOS returns the results to BASIC." ('Apple II User's 
Guide' p.164) Several versions of DOS exist for the Apple. DOS 3.2 used 13 
sector per disk; DOS 3.3 used 16. Filenames under DOS 3.3 could be from 1 to 30 
characters in length (comprising any uppercase keyboard character - including 
spaces and excepting commas). DOS 3.3 cannot accept lower-case commands (so 
remember to press CAPS LOCK on ][+ machines and emulators) and does not support 
sub-directories. ProDOS similarly uses uppercase filenames but they are 
restricted to 15 characters, lowercase commands and sub-directories are 
accepted. Both DOS 3.3 and ProDOS use the "]" prompt. DOS 3.3 also uses the ">" 
prompt for Integer BASIC programs.

A partial list of commands follows:

BLOAD - Loads a machine language (binary) file.

BRUN - Executes a machine language (binary) file.

BSAVE - Saves a machine language (binary) file.

BYE (ProDOS only) - Exits BASIC.SYSTEM.

CAT (ProDOS only) - Abbreviated 40-column catalog giving a list of files,
  file type, size in blocks and last modification date. Some common ProDOS file
  type are given below:
      SYS - System executable
      TXT - Text file
      BAS - Applesoft BASIC program (executable)
      BIN - Machine language (binary) file

CATALOG - Under ProDOS, it provides an 80-column listing giving a list of files,
  file type, size in blocks, modification and creation dates, endfile data and
  subtype. Under DOS 3.3 it produces a list of files, file type, size in sectors
  (1 - 255) and disk label. Common DOS 3.3 file types are given below:
      A   - Applesoft BASIC programs
      B   - Binary image (machine language) files
      I   - Integer BASIC programs
      T   - Text files
      R   - Relocatable binary
      S   - ?
      *   - File is locked (protected from modification/deletion)

CREATE (ProDOS only) - Creates sub-directories.

DELETE - Deletes UNLOCKED files. The command can specify slot, drive or volume
  number (DOS 3.3) or volume prefix (ProDOS); otherwise it assumes the file is
  in the current directory.

EXEC - Executes a text file; any text file containing a BASIC program will be
  automatically input as though it was typed. Direct commands will be executed.
  Thus BASIC programs can be more easily entered into a text-editor and then
  EXECuted on an Apple, and then saved.

INIT - Initializes a disk under DOS 3.3, with a greeting program of choice
  (typically named HELLO). Usage INIT HELLO.

LOAD - Loads an Applesoft BASIC (or Integer BASIC under DOS 3.3) file.

LOCK - Locks a file.

PREFIX (ProDOS only) - Changes sub-directory.

RENAME - Renames files. Usage RENAME OLDNAME,NEWNAME under DOS 3.3.

RUN - Executes an Applesoft or Integer BASIC program under DOS 3.3; Applesoft
  only under ProDOS (which does not support Integer BASIC). To execute any
  ProDOS filetype, use the "-" character instead of RUN or BRUN.

SAVE - Saves an Applesoft BASIC file. Since it is saved into a "tokenised"
  format (ie. Applesoft reserved words are replaced by ASCII codes or "tokens")
  the BASIC files are not plain text. To reverse the EXEC command and produce a
  plain text copy of a BASIC file; place the following line in the BASIC
  program and RUN:

  0 TEXT:PRINT CHR$(21):HOME:POKE 33,33:PRINT CHR$(4);"OPEN filename.txt":PRINT
  CHR$(4);"WRITE filename.txt":LIST 1,63999:PRINT CHR$(4);"CLOSE filename.txt":
  TEXT:END (suggested by Dave Althoff, Jr. <dalloff@freenet.columbus.oh.us>).

UNLOCK - Unlocks the file.

VERIFY - Verifies file (under DOS 3.3, it recalculates the checksum for each
  sector of the file).


*******************************************************************************

9) Further Reading

The respective documents for each emulator are in their archive package. The 
Apple ][ documents I mentioned (and related items of interest) are listed 
alphabetically below:

"Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)" by James Vera 
<vera@anna.stanford.edu> and Tom Baker <tombaker@world.std.com>.
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulate-apple2-faq
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/emulate-apple2-faq/faq.html

'Apple II User's Guide' by Lon Poole with Martin McNiff & Steven Cook. (c) 1981 
OSBORNE/McGraw-Hill, 630 Bancroft Way, Berkeley, California 94710, USA. ISBN 0-
931988-46-2. Exerpts are quoted without permission.

"AppleUni FAQ" is a compilation of E-Mail questions from Peter Pauen and was 
prepared by Andrew J. Kroll <ag784@freenet.buffalo.edu>. The FAQ is included in 
the AppleUni archive (see "AppleUni" in Chapter 2 of this FAQ).

"Commodore 64 and Apple 2 Ultima FAQ" by Caliaber Dragon
<Caliaber@primenet.com>; this FAQ appears regularly on alt.games.ultima.dragons 
and rec.games.computer.ultima-dragons.

"COMP.EMULATORS.APPLE2 FAQ" - see "Apple2 Emulation Frequently Asked Questions"

"COMP.SYS.APPLE2 - Frequently Asked Questions (and answers)" by Dan DeMaggio 
<dmag@umich.edu>; this FAQ appears regularly on comp.sys.apple2.
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/apple2/part1
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/apple2/part2

The Definitive Source Guide to Secret Keys, Easter Eggs and Hidden Messages: 
1st Edition Apr. 15, 1992 compiled by The Ramsacker.

"The Hindenburg Project FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions, and answers) 1.0" by 
Tony Morales <hexman@netcom.com>.
ftp://ftp.netcom.com/pub/he/hexman/hindenburg/faq

"VirtualGS(tm) Project -- DESCRIPTIONS AND CHARTER" by Jered Floyd 
<jered@mit.edu>.
ftp://joyce.eng.yale.edu/pub/appleIIgs/info/VirtualGS.Info.unix
http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/jered/vgs/vgshome.html

For a list of general emulators (listed by platform/processor emulation), try:

"COMP.EMULATORS.MISC Frequently Asked Questions" by Adam Roach 
<adam.roach@exu.ericsson.se>; this FAQ appears regularly on comp.emulators.misc.
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulators-faq/part1
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulators-faq/part2
ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/emulators-faq/part3

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