Subject: comp.sys.mac.comm Frequently Asked Questions [3/4]
Date: 9 Jan 1996 00:54:03 GMT
Summary: This is the comp.sys.mac.comm Frequently Asked Questions list; its
. intent is to provide information specific to Macintosh computer
. communications, including modems, networks, and the like. You are
. encouraged to read this FAQ before posting to the newsgroup.

Archive-name: macintosh/comm-faq/part3
Last-modified: Mon Jan  8 1995

.
================================================================================
[5] Networking, MacTCP, Telnet, SLIP, PPP
==========================================

[5.1] What is MacTCP and what kind of hardware and software do I need to use it?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        
        MacTCP is Apple's implementation of the Defense Advanced Research
        Projects Agency (DARPA) TCP/IP Protocols (see [5.2]). MacTCP's
        software interface is a Control Panel, which means that it loads
        when your Macintosh boots. Under System 6.0.X, MacTCP will reside
        in the System Folder; under System 7.0, it should be placed in
        the Control Panels Folder.
        
        MacTCP accomplishes two important tasks: it is a tool that lets
        programmers who wish to develop TCP/IP based applications do
        so without "reinventing the wheel". By providing a standard
        interface to TCP/IP network hardware, MacTCP also makes it
        possible for more than one TCP/IP based application to run on a
        Macintosh at any one time. For example, you can simultaneously
        use a Telnet program, an FTP program, and share a filesystem
        via NFS when you use MacTCP to provide the interface to your
        TCP/IP network.
        
        The latest version (6/95) of MacTCP is MacTCP 2.0.6. The last
        pre-2.0 version, MacTCP 1.1.1, remains in common use. Both 
        versions require a Macintosh Plus or later CPU, System 6.0.5 
        or better, a direct connection to an Ethernet or TokenRing 
        network (typically a Ethernet or TokenRing card), a SLIP or 
        PPP dialup connection, or a connection to a LocalTalk network 
        with a DDP-IP router such as a Shiva FastPath, Cayman Gatorbox, 
        Webster Multigate, or Compatible EtherRoute TCP.

.An update to MacTCP version 2.0.6 is available as part of the
.System 7.5 update available at ftp://ftp.support.apple.com/
.pub/apple_sw_updates/US/Macintosh/System Software/System_7.5_Update_1.0

        If you are using System 7.1, you should be using MacTCP 2.0.6 or 
        higher, or at the very least 1.1.1.  Note: There are known bugs 
        with 2.0; Apple recommends upgrading. Upgraders for various version
        are available at various FTP sites, including Info-Mac sites
        and seeding.apple.com.

.Macintosh OS versions 7.5 and later include MacTCP as part of
.the standard operating system.


        As indicated above, MacTCP is an Apple product available from
        APDA; product numbers and official names are listed below (8/93).
        Note that MacTCP 2.0 is known by "Connection for Macintosh".

        M8113Z/A    TCP/IP Connection for Macintosh       59.00
        M8114Z/A    TCP/IP Administration for Macintosh  199.00

        Individuals interested in obtaining MacTCP may wish to investigate
        Adam Engst's book, "Internet Starter Kit for Macintosh". Published
        by Hayden and typically selling for $30 (or less), it includes
        MacTCP and other software useful for accessing the Internet from
        your Macintosh. It's ISBN number is 1-56830-064-6.

        Many universities have campus site licenses for MacTCP; your site 
        may also have such an arrangement --- check before buying.  It 
        is also now possible to buy MacTCP from mail-order companies;
        check around, and you may find a better price than APDA.

        Annual site licenses pricing (7/93):  .edu   .com

               1 - 2000 Macintosh CPUs        $1000  $3000
            2001 - 5000                       $1500  $4500
            5000 - unlimited                  $2500  $7500

.NOTE: MacTCP is now bundled with Apple's System 7.5.

        For more detailed information regarding setting up a Macintosh
        to connect to a TCP/IP network using MacTCP, see Eric Behr's
        report on MacTCP which is archived at the various FTP sites
        as mac-tcp-info.txt. This report provides a lot of useful
        information for first-time Macintosh networking administrators.
.According to the document itself,
        "The newest release of these notes can be obtained by
        anonymous ftp to ftp.math.niu.edu (the text file
        /pub/mac/doc/mactcp.txt), or by gopher to gopher.math.niu.edu
        ("Help Files/Help For Macintosh Users"), or as
        http://www.math.niu.edu/~behr/docs/mactcp.html. The HTML
        version is usually updated first and may be more accurate."

.Some related information is also available at
.ftp://ftp.math.niu.edu/pub/mac/doc/

.From the "obscure MacTCP configuration suggestions" file
.(submitted by Larry W. Virden <lvirden@cas.org>):

.We have a series of machines known only by internal hosts file as
.well as one machine which acts as a firewall/gateway to DNS for
.external machines. We had a hosts file in the System Folder,
.listed the gateway machine in the MacTCP 2.0.4 control panel, and 
.marked that DNS entry as the default.

.We found that users could get to external machines, but not to the 
.machines in the hosts file.  If they unmarked the DNS entry as the 
.default, then they could get to the internal hosts, but not to the
.external machines.

.To resolve the problem, we had to add a second DNS host, with the name of
.. and the same IP address as our gateway, and then not mark either as the 
.default name server.  When we did this, MacTCP would go to the hosts file 
.first, and if the address is not found there, it goes on to the gateway
.for the external hosts.


[5.2] What are AppleTalk, LocalTalk, Ethernet, EtherTalk, TCP/IP, etc?
----------------------------------------------------------------------

        When attempting to describe networking terms, a distinction
        should be drawn between networking _protocols_ (such as
        AppleTalk and TCP/IP) and networking _hardware_ (such as
        LocalTalk, Ethernet, and TokenRing). In most cases, a specific
        protocol can be used over more than one hardware medium.

        In order to help understand the interaction of these disparate
        parts in a real-world network, we can adopt the useful analogy
        of multi-layer cake with the physical wire at the very bottom
        and the software which you are running at the very top.

        Thus, we can think of LocalTalk, Ethernet and TokenRing as being
        the layers at the bottom, AppleTalk and TCP/IP in the middle and
        programs like NCSA Telnet, NFS/Share and MacX at the top.


        The following terms describe protocols (software descriptions)
        common to the Macintosh networking world:

        * AppleTalk: A proprietary suite of protocols developed by Apple
        Computer, Inc. that provides for near-transparent network
        connections between Macintosh computers. However, within the
        last few years AppleTalk has been ported to operating systems
        other than the Macintosh OS, including UNIX, VMS and DOS.
        Questions about the AppleTalk protocol are probably best posed
        in the newsgroup comp.protocols.appletalk .

        * TCP/IP: A suite of protocols developed by the Defense Advanced
        Research Projects Agency (DARPA) whose purpose is multi-platform
        connectivity. TCP/IP drivers are available for almost all of the
        computer platforms in use today, including micros, minis, main-
        frames and supercomputers. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control
        Protocol/Internet Protocol, because these are the two most widely
        used protocols in the suite.  However, TCP/IP includes the User 
        Datagram Protocol (UDP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP),
        Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) and others.

        * EtherTalk: The driver which allows AppleTalk protocols to be
        transported by Ethernet.
        
        * TokenTalk: The driver which allows AppleTalk protocols to be
        transported over IBM TokenRing networks.


        The following terms describe hardware (the physical link such
        as the wire(s) connecting computers) common to the Macintosh
        networking world:

        * LocalTalk: One type of hardware over which AppleTalk protocols
        can be transported. LocalTalk has a throughput of 230.4 Kilobits
        per second, or roughly a quarter of a Megabit per second.

        * PhoneNet: Another type of hardware commonly used to transport
        AppleTalk packets. PhoneNet mates LocalTalk hardware with
        ordinary (unused) telephone wire. PhoneNet is probably the
        cheapest way to connect widely separated Macintosh computers
        within a single building.
        
        * Ethernet: A network medium over which AppleTalk, TCP/IP and
        other protocols travel, often simultaneously. Ethernet's maximum
        throughput is 10 Mbps. Competing successors offer 100 Mbps.
        
        * TokenRing: A network medium developed (and patented) by IBM
        based on a topology of a ring of nodes connected serially by a
        single cable. Each node, or computer, speaks on the cable only
        when it has posession of a token. TokenRing technology can
        demonstrate throughputs of ranging from 4 to 16 Megabits per 
        second.


[5.3] What is Telnet, and is there a Telnet program for the Macintosh?
----------------------------------------------------------------------

        Telnet is a high speed terminal connection protocol designed
        with TCP/IP in mind. A Telnet program allows you to connect
        to computers that accept Telnet sessions (such as UNIX boxes)
        with interactive full-screen console input and output
        capabilities in mind.

        There are several Telnet programs for the Macintosh. The first
        and most widely used is NCSA Telnet, which is free and can be
        found via anonymous FTP from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu (as well as
        elsewhere). The latest version is 2.6 and supports TEK 4105
        graphics, provides both an FTP server *and* client, and can do
.session logging. Versions 2.6 and later require MacTCP. That
.version also adds a completely new configuration system.

        Comet, the Cornell Macintosh Terminal Emulator, is a
        Freeware communications program which offers multiple VT102 and
        IBM 3278 emulator Telnet sessions (using MacTCP) as well as
        serial VT102 connections. A TFTP server is provided for TCP/IP
        file transfer; in addition the "ft3270" file transfer protocol
        supports file transfer with IBM VM hosts over Telnet and serial
        connections.  Comet 3.0 supports scrollbars and a ".edit" TextEdit
        window for each session. Comet is available via anonymous FTP from the
        pub/mac/comm/comet/ directory of ftp.cit.cornell.edu.

        Hytelnet is a Telnet program available for various personal
        computers including the Macintosh. The Macintosh version is
        based upon Hypercard 2.x. Contact Charles Burchill at
        <burchil@ccu.umanitoba.ca> for more information about Hytelnet.

        InterCon Systems has a fully-functional Telnet Connection Tool
        for use with the CTB). InterCon's TCP/Connect II includes 
        Telnet and FTP facilities (and a host of other features).

        VersaTerm 5.0.4 ships with a Telnet Connection Tool (in
        addition to MacTCP). However, this tool seems to be intended
        to be used only with VersaTerm and does not support all
        Telnet features.

        Advanced Software Concepts distributes 5PM with MacTCP, a
        Telnet Connection Tool and a FTP server. 5PM includes a
        HyperTalk-like scripting engine and allows the user to create
        "palettes" which are similar to HyperCard cards.

        Stanford University Networking Systems has distributed a package
        known as SU-Mac/IP that includes Telnet, FTP, tn3270, printing
        facilities and other MacTCP based capabilities. The package
        can be licensed *ONLY* by "degree-granting institutions of
        higher education". For information, either send e-mail to
        macip@jessica.stanford.edu or call [USA] (415) 723-3909.

.Walker, Richer, & Quinn, Inc., offer a trio of HP and VT terminal
.emulation products for the Macintosh. Reflection 1+, 2+, and 4+
.include a fast proprietary file transfer tool and a connection tool
.(NS Connection) which implements HP's NS/VT terminal communications
.protocol. Reflection 1+ emulates the HP 2392A, 700/92, and 700/94
.text terminals, the HP 2393A and 2623A monochrome graphics terminals,
.and the VT52, VT102, and VT220 HP ANSI terminals. Reflection 2+
.emulates the Digital VT52, VT102, VT220, and VT320 terminals.
.Reflection 4+ emulates the Digital VT52, VT102, VT220, and VT320
.terminals plus ReGIS and Sixel graphics. According to the
.company's sales information,
..All Reflection products include multiple terminal and file
..transfer sessions, each in a separate window; a macro
..language; and support for connection and file transfer tools.
..Tools supplied include telnet, serial, LAT, XMODEM, Kermit,
..and WRQ, a proprietary high-speed transfer protocol with
..host directory support for HP, DEC, and UNIX hosts. The
..Reflection emulators support the Communications Toolbox
..connection tools and file transfer tools. The Communications
..Toolbox, MacTCP, and the Apple Basic Connectivity Set are
..included (serial, modem, ADSP, LAT, and XMODEM tools.)
..WRQ provides the following additional tools: (file transfer)
..WRQ, Kermit WRQ, Old-WRQ, XMODEM WRQ, ZMODEM WRQ;
..(connection) serial WRQ, telnet, NLAT (Netware for LAT).
..Complete, graphical keyboard mapping for host key sequences,
..menus, command macros, and Reflection Command Language
..scripts. Full support for 80 & 132 columns, 24-144 rows,
..resizable fonts, double high double wide characters,
..international character sets, dynamically redefinable
..character sets, character attributes, and color. Includes
..Reflection Command Language, a complete, BASIC-like
..scripting language.

..WRQ file transfer protocol provides host directory support,
..drag and drop, wildcard transfers, MacBinary, retention
..of host file attributes, data and time filters, and speeds
..of up to 300 kilobytes per second over Ethernet. Host file
..transfer programs for VAX, Alpha, UNIX, and HP3000 are
..provided with each copy of Reflection. A 'bootstrap' script
..uploads the host transfer programs directly from the Macintosh.
        
..Companion products for DOS and Microsoft Windows are available.

.It should also be mentioned that any CTB-based Mac
.telecommunications program can use the telnet protocol if you
.also have the Telnet Tool.

[5.4] Is there a FTP (client/server) program for the Macintosh?
---------------------------------------------------------------

        Yes, you can choose from freeware, shareware and payware
        varieties:
        
        * NCSA Telnet (see [5.3]) includes both FTP client and server
        capabilities. NCSA no longer supports the FTP client feature
.of the program, and however, and they plan to disable it in
.versions after 2.6.
        
        * Fetch 2.1.2 (from Dartmouth) is a free FTP client application
        for educational institutions. Otherwise, it requires a license.
        Fetch provides a more intuitive interface than the conventional
        text-based mechanism.

        * FTPd, $10, by Peter Lewis, is a high-quality
        shareware FTP server with many features:

          o Multiple simultaneous users.
          o Uses System 7 Users & Groups to define users and passwords
          o Supports BinHex and MacBinary transfers, including the MACB 
            command.
          o Allows login to other AppleShare servers on the local
            network.
          o Allows different formats of a file to be fetched.
          o Pattern matching in change directory command.
          o Individual initial directory for any user.
          o FTP site descriptions sent after login.
          o Directory descriptions sent after CD command.
          o Supports the CatSearch feature to allow very fast volume
            wide searches.

        * HyperFTP, a Hypercard-based FTP client.

        * XferIt, by Steve Falkenburg, a shareware FTP client.
        
        * VersaTerm 5.0.4 also ships with an FTP CTB Tool.

        * Advanced Software Concepts sells FTPShare, a commercial FTP
          server product and has posted a demo to InfoMac. Main features
          (according to authors) are:

        .o Operates very similar to System 7 FileSharing.
        .o Also works under System 6.
        .o Quite fast.

.* Pathway Access Macintosh from The Wollongong Group, Inc. offers
.  both FTP client and FTP server, with a graphical user interface
.  for both. The product also includes a large suite of terminal
.  emulations for telnet connections, a script compiler, and a print
.  server.

.* Walker, Richer, & Quinn, Inc. offers the Reflection series of
.  terminal emulators which include support for file transfer. See
.  the description of this product in [5.3].
        
[5.5] What are SLIP, CSLIP and PPP?
-------------------------------------

        SLIP stands for Serial Line Internet Protocol.  SLIP is a
        "non-standard" for framing IP packets and shipping them over
        a serial line (e.g. a cable, or a pair of modems), thus
        allowing a home machine to dial up and become part of the
        Internet. Effectively, SLIP turns a serial port into a logical
        Ethernet port.

        Many workstations and terminal servers can support SLIP. On
        the Macintosh side, several vendors offer SLIP modules for
        MacTCP. (These vendors and products are summarized below).
        Macintosh software which communicates with the outside world
        via MacTCP will continue to work over SLIP, albeit somewhat
        more slowly due to the relatively low bandwidth of modem
        connections.

        CSLIP stands for Compressed SLIP.  CSLIP reduces the size of
        the headers in IP packets by eliminating a certain amount of
        redundancy.  This improves interactive performance.

        PPP stands for Point-to-Point Protocol.  PPP can support both
        synchronous and asynchronous connections and protocols that
        are not IP-based (such as AppleTalk). It provides specifications 
        for error detection, feature negotiation, escaping control 
        characters, etc.  PPP is becoming more and more popular, 
        especially as MacPPP, a MacTCP extension available via anonymous 
        FTP from merit.edu in pub/ppp, has matured into a stable and 
        viable alternative to the various available MacTCP SLIP LAPs.
        Although SLIP continues to be more prevalent than PPP, PPP will
        become more prevalent in the future. For more information on PPP,
        consult the FAQ for the newsgroup comp.protocols.ppp.

        Recently, several vendors have provided SLIP LAPs for MacTCP.
        What is a "MacTCP SLIP LAP"? To quote Steve Dorner, "It's an
        extension that allows MacTCP to work over a phone line, allowing
        you to use any MacTCP application over your modem, if you have
        the right dialins." LAP stands for Link Access Protocol. You
        choose the LAP you want to use via the MacTCP Control Panel.

        Currently, the following SLIP products for the Macintosh are
        readily available:      
                
           o MacSLIP from Hyde Park Software is a MacTCP extension that
             supports SLIP and CSLIP and a scripting language for
             session. Individual copies sell for $49.95.
                
             Contact: info@hydepark.com, [USA] (800) 531-5170. Sales
             and support are handled by TriSoft.

             Reports of transfer rates as high as 1500 bytes/sec have
             been posted to comp.sys.mac.comm by users of MacSLIP on
             V.42bis 9600 bps modems. Transfer rates as high as 3 KB/sec
             are possible through a 38400 bps connection.
             
           o InterCon Systems is shipping a MacTCP extension with their
             networking product (TCP/Connect II), and as a separate
             package (InterSLIP).

             HOWEVER, InterCon has graciously made InterSLIP available
             to Internet users for FREE. You can FTP InterSLIP from
             ftp.intercon.com in InterCon/sales. 
             
             Demonstration versions of various InterCon products are also
             available at this FTP address.
 
             Contact: sales@intercon.com, [USA] (703) 709 9890
        
           o Synergy Software offers a CSLIP MacTCP extension with
             its VersaTerm/VersaTerm-PRO packages. If you already own
             Versaterm, SLIP is a $20 upgrade. If you buy the complete
             VersaTerm 5.0.4 package, you will also get an
             FTP server and client, a Telnet connection tool, and MacTCP.
             Performance is comparable to that of MacSLIP.

             Contact: [USA] (215) 779 0522


        For a review of Macintosh SLIP products, see the November 16, 1992
        issue of "Open Systems Today". Benchmarks are included.

        Currently, the following PPP products for the Macintosh are
        readily available:

.   o IP-only

               + Merit/Umich PPP

           o IP and AppleTalk

.       + InterPPP (from InterCon; see contact information above
..           or at the end of the FAQ)

.       + TribePPP (included with Tribe PPP server)

               + PacerPPP (included with PacerTerm software)

        Note: If you are using MacTCP over a dialup SLIP or PPP link, 
        MacTCP 2.0.4 or later is recommended. Previous versions have 
        an annoying retransmission problem that can slow down serial
        connections. If you must use v1.1.1, get the MacTCP-Patch
        program; it's available as mac/misc/update/mactcppatch.cpt.hqx
        at mac.archive.umich.edu.

[5.6] What is the difference between SLIP and PPP?
--------------------------------------------------

        If SLIP and PPP both allow a TCP/IP connection over a phone line,
        which one should I choose?  What follows is a synopsis of the reasons
        that PPP is better than SLIP.

           o PPP supports link level error detection insuring a more robust
             connection than SLIP.

           o PPP allows characters like XON and XOFF and others to be
             "escaped" so that the regular group of modems that are used for
             terminal emulation (and need software flow control) can be used
             for PPP.

           o PPP negotiates all of the settings that can make the connection
             unsuccessful, SLIP requires you to know the settings before
             attempting the connection.

             For example: PPP will compress headers if the server allows it. 
             With SLIP you would have to know this and run CSLIP not SLIP. 
             SLIP will fail to connect to a CSLIP server and CSLIP will fail
             attempting a connection to a SLIP server.

           o If the PPP server supports the Password Authentication Protocol,
             a connection can be mode without any user scripting.  You will
             be prompted for a username and password if it is not entered. 
             And a stored password can be encrypted so it is not be visible
             to prying eyes (as done by MacPPP and InterPPP).

           o PPP has been blessed by the Internet Engineering Task Force and
             the Internet Activities Board as a standards-track protocol. 
             SLIP is a self-described "nonstandard".

           o SLIP only supports IP (Internet Protocol), PPP supports not only
             IP, but it can (and will soon) support AppleTalk, IPX (Novel),
             LAT (DEC's Local Area Transport), and others are planned.  This
             makes it a protocol for the future.

        Isn't SLIP faster than PPP?

            PPP has more overhead than SLIP in the protocol because of error
            correction in the link layer.  But because PPP allows larger
            packet sizes, the difference can be negated.  In fact, file
            transfers over a PPP connection to a Telebit NetBlazer have been
            reported to be faster than a CSLIP connection to the same device.

            There are significant savings to been gained when a file doesn't
            have to be transferred a second time because the error-free modem
            connection wasn't.

        Doesn't a PPP connection take longer to establish a connection?

            Since PPP negotiates the settings on startup, the initial
            connection takes longer.  But the additional 3 seconds is
            dwarfed by the 24 seconds needed by the phone company and modems.

        Is there a commercial version of PPP?

            InterCon Systems is shipping a MacTCP PPP LAP called InterPPP.
            InterPPP actually does SLIP, CSLIP, *and* PPP.
             
            See section [5.5] for InterCon Systems contact information.

        Where can I find additional information about PPP?

           Morning Star Technologies, a commercial PPP server developer has
           more information about PPP in the following location:

           ftp://ftp.morningstar.com//pub/papers/
           
           The files are as follows:

           o sug91-cheapIP.ps.Z

             A 14 page PostScript document titled "Low-Cost IP Connectivity"
             by Robert A. Sutterfield.  This contains all of the above 
             information and more, includes figures and references.

           o ppp-white-paper.ps.Z

             A 4 page PostScript document titled "PPP White Paper" which
             contains the same information as the above document in a compact
             format.

           o sug91-cheapIP-slides.shar.Z

             Slides for a presentation of the above "Low-Cost IP Connectivity"
             paper.  Duplicates of the figures in the same paper and no text
             explanations suggests this is of no interest.

           o ppp.faq-3.17

             The FAQ for the comp.protocols.ppp newsgroup.

           o The official SLIP RFC (Request For Comments) can be found as:

             ftp://ns.ripe.net/rfc/rfc1055.txt

           o The official TCP Header compression RFC can be found as:

             ftp://ns.ripe.net/rfc/rfc1144.txt

           o The official PPP RFC's can be found as:

             ftp://ns.ripe.net/rfc/rfc1331.txt
             ftp://ns.ripe.net/rfc/rfc1332.txt
             ftp://ns.ripe.net/rfc/rfc1333.txt
             ftp://ns.ripe.net/rfc/rfc1334.txt


[5.7] MacPPP Frequently Asked Questions
---------------------------------------
.
.For a description of MacPPP, see sections 5.5 and 5.6 of this 
.document. The current version of MacPPP is 2.0.1. The file 
.'macppp.txt' contains a detailed description of how to configure 
.MacPPP and should be read before you attempt to install it. 
.'macppp.txt' is available from wherever you got MacPPP.
.
.
.* How do I configure MacPPP?
.
.First read the file 'macppp.txt' and your MacTCP documentation.
.'macppp.txt' will tell you everything you need to know to get
.MacPPP working. There are some further suggestions and answers
.below.
.
.
.* Should I fill in the IP address field in MacTCP?
.
.No.
.
.
.* How should I set the 'Obtain address' setting for MacTCP?
.
.Set this to 'server'. If you need to specify a fixed IP address
.then put it in the 'local' field of the IPCP dialogue (in the
.Config PPP Control Panel).
.
.
.* Do I need to set the Gateway Address in MacTCP?
.
.No. MacPPP will set this at connect time.
.
.
.* Do I need to set the Subnet Mask in MacTCP?
.
.No. MacPPP will supply MacTCP with the correct subnet mask at
.connect time.
.
.
.* Do I need to set the Domain Name Servers list in MacTCP?
.
.Yes. You will need to get this information from your system
.administrator or service provider. See section 5.8 of this
.document for a description of how MacTCP uses the Domain Name
.Server entries.
.
.
.* Which Port Speed setting should I use for MacPPP?
.
.If you are using a modern modem (e.g. V.32bis, V.34) then the
.best setting is likely to be 57,600. This will give you the
.best possible throughput of data. Older 68000 based machines
.can have problems with speeds over 19,200. Problems with MacPPP
.can sometimes be related to the port speed. If you are having
.difficulties, it is a good idea to reduce the Port Speed to,
.say, 19,200. When you have MacPPP working reliably, you can
.gradually increase the Port Speed. If you encounter problems
.again, go back to the fastest setting that works.
.
.
.* Which Flow Control setting should I use?
.
.If you have a full hardware handshaking cable (see section 1.2
.of this document), and a modem that supports it (most modern
.modems will), set this to 'CTS & RTS (DTR)'.
.
.You must ensure that your modem is configured to use the
.handshaking method you specified in MacPPP. So, for instance,
.if you selected CTS & RTS handshaking, check that your modem
.will default to CTS & RTS handshake at power on - if it does
.not, then enable CTS & RTS in your modem init string. Also, the
.modem must be set for 'DTR override' - if this is not part of
.the power-on default, then you should enable DTR override in your 
.initialization string.
.
.NOTE: The 'macppp.txt' file states that MacPPP does not support
.RTS flow control. This is out of date. Version 2.0.1 of MacPPP
.does support RTS.
.
.
.* What modem initialization string should I use?
.
.This will depend on which modem you have. Consult your modem
.manual or local systems administrator for advice. You must ensure
.that the modem is configured for the Flow Control option you
.have selected in Config PPP and that DTR is overridden
.(probabaly &D0). If the settings you need are your modem's
.power-on defaults, then you can use 'ATZ' as a modem init;
.otherwise, you must specify the relevant options explicitly in
.the initializationnit string.
.
.
.* Should I specify my username/password in the Authentication
.Dialogue box?
.
.The Authentication Dialogue box is only for use if you are
.connecting to a PPP server that supports PAP. Many PPP servers
.do not support PAP. If setting your username and password in the
.Authentication Dialogue box does not result in a successful
.login, and you are sure that the information is correct, and you
.have ruled out any other problems, then you should not use this
.dialogue; its fields must be left blank. In this case use
.the Connection Script dialogue to build a script which includes
.your username and password. If you do not know whether your PPP
.server supports PAP check, with your service provider or System
.administrator.
.
.
.* Do I need to specify a connection script?
.
.If you are connecting to a PPP server which does not support
.PAP, then you must specify a connection script rather than using
.the Authentication Dialogue box (see above). The connection
.script must include your username and password. If you want to
."watch what happens" in order to develop a connection script,
.then check the Terminal Window option on the Config PPP control
.panel. Note, however, that if the Terminal Window box is checked,
.MacPPP will ignore your modem initialization string and telephone 
.number. You will have to issue the modem commands by hand to 
.establish your connection. You may need to include a command to 
.start PPP at the remote end (this often happens automatically) - 
.if you need to, put this command at then end of your script.
.
.
.* Do I need to change the LCP and IPCP Options Dialogue Boxes?
.
.It is very unlikely that you will need to change these
.settings. The default values should work, the exception being
.for fixed IP address (see below).
.
.
.* I have a fixed IP address, how do I set this in MacPPP?
.
.Many people will not need to set their IP address explicitly;
.the local terminal server will assign this for then (even if they
.have a fixed address). If you do need to specify this, then put
.it in the 'local' field of the IPCP dialogue box (from the
.Config Server window). If you leave the local field set to
.'0.0.0.0' then MacPPP will get your address from the remote PPP
.server if it can. In the 'Obtain Address' section of the MacTCP
.control panel choose 'server'.
.
.
.* I have a fixed address; should I select Manual Addressing in
.MacTCP?
.
.No. Specify your fixed address as described in the paragraph
.above. Although you could choose manual addressing in MacTCP,
.using server addresses makes the configuration simpler and
.also allows you to have setups for more than one PPP server /
.network. With server addressing, MacTCP will ask MacPPP for your
.IP address at connect time. This is done with PPP's IPCP
.protocol which allows the server to pass the address to MacPPP.
.If you have a fixed address, you will be assigned that address
.every time you connect.
.
.
.* Can I control MacPPP using Apple Script?
.
.The Config PPP control panel itself is not Apple Scriptable.
.However, the shareware OSAX 'macppp_control' allows for some
.scripting. It is available from the info-mac archives and other
.anonymous FTP sites. It will let you open and close a connection 
.and see if a connection is open.
.
.
.* How do I make a MacPPP Connection Script pause?
.
.You can build a pause into the connection script using the '\d'
.special character in an out string. '\d' represents a 1 second
.pause. .If you need a 5 second pause use '\d\d\d\d\d'. Details
.of this and other special characters can be found in the
.'macppp.txt' file that comes with MacPPP.
.
.
.* MacPPP drops the line after a few minutes. What's wrong?
.
.This phenomena has a number of causes.
.
.1) One cause is not setting your modem for DTR override when
.using 'CTS & RTS (DTR)' or 'RTS (DTR) Only' Flow Control. Mac
.hardware handshaking cables have the hardware line from the Mac
.wired to both the RTS and DTR lines of the modem (see section
.1.2 of this document for wiring diagrams). This means that when
.the Mac drops its handshake line to stop the flow of data from
.the modem, both RTS & DTR are dropped at the modem end.
.Dropping the modem's RTS line is fine because that stops the
.flow of data to the machine (until the machine is ready, whence
.the line is raised again and the flow of data resumes). However,
.if DTR is dropped, the modem will hang up. To avoid this, 
.configure the modem for 'DTR override' by including the appropriate
.setting in your modem initialization string.
.
.2) If you have selected an Idle Timeout, then MacPPP will seek
.to drop the connection when there has been no traffic for the
.period you have specified. Normally a dialogue box will appear,
.but, if you have checked the 'Quiet Mode' box in Config PPP, the
.disconnection will occur silently.
.
.3) Some PPP servers will cut the link after a number of minutes
.of inactivity. This is to stop you tying up a network line if
.you are not making use of it. If you want to defeat this you
.will need to generate some network activity every few minutes.
.
.
.* Should I use Hard or Soft Close to terminate my PPP session?
.
.If you choose 'Soft Close' and any TCP application that you are
.running makes a TCP call, the PPP link will be automatically
.re-established, i.e. MacPPP will dial your provider. Also,
.after long periods of inactivity, MacTCP will make a request (on
.it's own without any prompting from you or an app) which will
.cause MacPPP to re-connect.
.
.If you choose 'hard close' then the link will not be
.re-establishsed, even on request from an application, until you
.manually reconnect using the 'open' button.
.
.Note that if your session is terminated by an Idle Timeout, the
.action is equivalent to a 'Soft Close'.
.
.
.* When I have closed MacPPP and leave my Mac for a long period
.of time, I often return to find that MacPPP has attempted to
.reconnect. How do I stop this?
.
.Close MacPPP using 'Hard Close'. For an explanation, see above.
.
.
.* How do I make MacPPP disconnect after a period of inactivity?
.
.Set the 'Idle Timeout' to the desired interval.
.Check the 'Quiet Mode' box.
.
.
.* I am using the Express Modem Tool and my system freezes when I
.shutdown or restart. How do I stop this from happening?
.
.Make sure that the 'Hangup on Close' box is unchecked. If this
.option is enabled, MacPPP installs a shutdown task to hangup the
.modem on restart or shutdown. The Express Modem software gets
.unloaded before the shutdown tasks are executed, hence the
.problem..


[5.8] How does MacTCP resolve names into IP addresses?
------------------------------------------------------

        If you are having problems configuring MacTCP to use dynamic
        Domain Name Service entries, the following empirical description
        of the behavoir of MacTCP's name resolution protocol may be
        useful.

        The description assumes some familiarity with IP addressing.


        Step 1.  Expand the target name.

        If the target name contains a ".", the target name is the expanded 
        target name.  Otherwise, prepend the name to the domain marked with 
        the  "Default" button in the MacTCP control panel.  The 
        concatenation of the name and this domain becomes the expanded 
        target name.  Proceed to Step 2.

        Examples:
              Assume "slcs.slb.com" is the default domain for MacTCP.

              "valhalla" expands to "valhalla.slcs.slb.com".
              "cayman.com" expands to "cayman.com".
              "apple."  expands to "apple."


        Step 2.  Check the Hosts file in the System Folder of this Macintosh.

        If there is an exact match between the expanded target name from 
        Step 1 and a name in the Hosts file, the corresponding IP address 
        from the first such match in the Hosts file is the target IP address;
        otherwise proceed to Step 3.  Trailing "." characters on either the
        expanded target name or Hosts file name are ignored for this test.

        Examples:
              Assume "slcs.slb.com" is the default domain for MacTCP.

              "linus" expands and matches "linus.slcs.slb.com" in Hosts.
              "apple." matches "apple" in Hosts.
              "apple" expands and does *not* match "apple" in Hosts.


        Step 3.  Find the domains that contain the expanded name.

        Search through the domains from the MacTCP control panel entries, 
        and build a list of the domains that contain the expanded target 
        name.  A domain contains the expanded target name if the domain is 
        a final string of the expanded target name.  A "." by itself in the 
        MacTCP control panel is a domain containing any expanded target 
        name.  The default domain is always added as the last domain of 
        the list, whether it contains the expanded target name or not.  
        Proceed to Step 4.

        Examples:
              Assume "slcs.slb.com" is the default domain for MacTCP.

              "valhalla" is expanded and contained in domain "slcs.slb.com".
              "apple." is *not* contained in domain "slcs.slb.com".
              "apple" is expanded and contained in domain "slb.com".
              "anyhost" is contained in domain ".".


        Step 4.  Consult the name servers of the containing domains.

        Consult the Domain Name Servers, in the order found, based on the 
        corresponding IP addresses from their entries in the MacTCP control
        panel.  The servers are given the expanded target name to translate.  
        If a MacTCP is unable to contact a server, or if the server returns
        a non-authoritative negative reply, the next server in line is tried.
        Otherwise, the result from the server just contacted, either a 
        successful translation, or an authoritative "unable to resolve", is
        the final result.

[5.9] Is there a version of traceroute available for the Mac?
-------------------------------------------------------------
        Yes.  MacTraceroute is available from your local Info-Mac
        archive.  To use it with Ethernet-connected Macs, you
        must also pick up a copy of the "Traceroute Ethernet
        LAP."  MacTraceroute also works with Hyde Park's
        MacSLIP.  Currently, MacTraceroute does _not_ work
        with InterSLIP, InterPPP, MacPPP, or any other MacTCP
        LAP.

[5.10] What Domain Name Server programs are available for the Mac?
------------------------------------------------------------------

.Currently the only DNS server available for the Mac is
.MacDNS. Since this program is still under development, its
.exact features are constantly changing. You can find out
.the project's current status by visiting the MacDNS home page
.at http://josaiah.sewanee.edu/macdns/macdnsInfo.html
.You can FTP MacDNS from ftp://exeter.sewanee.edu/dist/MacDNS

.
================================================================================
[6] MacX and Other Ways to Interface With UNIX
==============================================

[6.1] Can I run X-Windows on my Mac?
------------------------------------

        Yes. For Macintosh OS users (not using A/UX), two possibilities
        exist.

        MacX is an X-Windows server for the Macintosh, developed by
        Apple. With MacX running, your Macintosh can serve as a display
        server for any X-Windows client program (such as xterm, xbiff,
        etc). The client programs must be running on a separate
        machine running UNIX (unless you are also running A/UX, Apple's
        brand of UNIX for the Macintosh).
        
        MacX's technical capabilities, as described by Alan Mimms
        in "X for the rest of us" (2/91) and paraphrased in the FAQ
        for comp.windows.x are as follows:
        
          MacX runs on MacPlus or newer machines with >= 2MB of memory
          and system software 6.0.4 or later. Version 1.2 is fully
          X11R4-based. It supports full ICCCM-compatible cut and paste
          of text AND graphics between the Macintosh and X11 worlds,
          the SHAPE extension (including SHAPEd windows on the Macintosh
          desktop), an optional built-in ICCCM-compliant window manager,
          X11R4 fonts and colors, a built-in BDF font compiler, and
          built-in standard colormaps. 
        
        To connect your Macintosh to a network of machines capable of
        running X-Windows clients, MacX uses MacTCP. For the best
        performance, you will want to access this network through
        LocalTalk or normal Ethernet. However, it is also possible
        to make the connection over a high-speed modem and use MacX
        to run X-Windows clients on remote machines; you will need
        a SLIP LAP module for MacTCP to do this --- see [6.2] for the
        details.
        
        MacX can be purchased from official Apple retailers, such as
        most university campus stores, for about $300 (less if you
        qualify for an educational discount). MacX is also bundled
        with A/UX 3.0.x.

        For information regarding using MacX with A/UX, see the FAQ
        for comp.unix.aux and/or ask questions in that newsgroup,
        and/or investigate wuarchive.wustl.edu:/systems/aux/X11R5.
        You _can_ run X11R5 directly under A/UX 3.0.x, which provides
        significantly better performance.

        The FAQ for comp.windows.x also describes another product,
        eXodus, as follows:
        
          eXodus from White Pine Software (603-886-9050) runs on any
          Mac with at least 1MB of memory and runs the X server within
          a standard Macintosh window.  Version 5.0.x [10/94] supports
          intermixing of X and Mac windows and the ADSP protocol. The
          version supports the SHAPE extension and includes DECwindows
          support.

.eXodus supports X11R5 starting with version 5.0.

.Another X server available for the Macintosh is XoftWare for
.Macintosh, from AGE Logic. The company describes the product as
.follows:

."XoftWare for Macintosh is AGE's enhanced X server software for the Apple
.native Power Macintosh and 68K Macintosh platforms.  Based upon Apple's
.field-proven MacX(TM) server implementation and X11R5 server technology,
.XoftWare for Macintosh offers many unique features that facilitate
.Macintosh-to-UNIX connectivity.  An intuitive single-button installation
.utility, full support for accelerated Power Macintosh operation and System 7
.compliance, support for enhanced login connectivity and Balloon Help are
.just some of the features of AGE's advanced Macintosh-to-UNIX connectivity
.solution.

."XoftWare for Macintosh is accelerated for the Power Macintosh and provides
.native support for the Motorola 601 PowerPC microprocessor in addition to
.full support for the 68030/68040 microprocessor family.  Fully X11R5
.compliant, XoftWare for Macintosh also takes advantage of the latest in X
.server technology.  Key features include XDMCP support, rexec and rsh remote
.login options, and a single button installation.  XoftWare for Macintosh is
.System 7.5 compliant and utilizes the Macintosh local window manager to
.maintain the Macintosh desktop look and feel.  Support is also provided for
.remote window managers such as mwm, olwm, and twm."

.Finally, Tenon Intersystems includes its own X server with its
.MachTen UNIX operating system for the Macintosh.


[6.2] How can I run MacX over a modem? Is it feasible?
------------------------------------------------------

        Now that several SLIP LAP modules for MacTCP are available,
        it is possible to run MacX over a modem. You are advised that
        performance will be significantly poorer than you may be
        expecting, especially if you are not using a high-speed modem
        (eg: 9600 bps or higher with compression and/or error-
        detection). With high-speed modems, using MacX to bring up
        xterms and other text-oriented clients is usable; however,
        any sort of graphics-intensive program (eg: xdvi) is going
        to require some patience (but should be bearable).
        
        Thus, in addition to MacX, to be able run MacX over a modem
        you need:
        
                1. A modem. A high-speed modem with v.32bis and v.42bis
                   is *STRONGLY* recommended.
                2. A terminal-server at your site that offers dial-up
                   SLIP or PPP connections. You'll have to ask your
                   site or system administrator about this one. 
                3. A SLIP (or CSLIP) or PPP LAP module for MacTCP. 
                   See [5.5] for details on such products.

        If you are specifically interested in just having multiple
        connections to a UNIX box that you connect to over a modem,
        other options include using a Telnet program with SLIP (see
        [5.3]), or MacLayers or UW [which do not need SLIP] (see [6.3],
        [6.4]).


[6.3] What is MacLayers and what do I need to use it? 
-----------------------------------------------------

        MacLayers allows you to logon to a UNIX host and open more than
        one window over a single (serial) connection. Each window
        can correspond to a (login) shell or program running on your
        choice of host(s). Up to seven full-screen resizable VT-100
        windows are allowed.
        
        In addition, MacLayers provides a primitive (but useful
        anyway) mechanism to download binary files "in the background",
        allowing you to work in other windows while you download.
        No upload facility (except for text pasting) is provided.
        At this time, MacLayers does not support the CTB. However,
        it is freely distributable (but may not be sold).

        MacLayers requires:
        
                1. A UNIX host which supports sockets.
                2. A Macintosh with 128 KB ROMs or larger.
                   MacLayers does not work with the old 64 KB ROM
                   machines. (You need a MacPlus or better).

        MacLayers comes in two parts: a program you run on your
        Macintosh and a set of C source files that you compile
        on your UNIX host (a Makefile is provided). When you login
        to your host while running MacLayers on your Macintosh, you
        simply run one of the UNIX-side programs to start up the
        windowing system (similar to running a windowing-environment
        like X-Windows at the console, except that everything is
        character based -- no graphics).

        MacLayers is currently at version 1.30. The author is working 
        hard to improve MacLayers; current plans include better terminal
        emulation, faster downloading, uploading, and more!

        Please send all electronic correspondence regarding MacLayers
        to the address layers@sapphire.cse.ucsc.edu.  The latest
        version of MacLayers is available via anonymous FTP at
        ftp://sapphire.cse.ucsc.edu/pub/MacLayers/. You can find
.the MacLayers WWW home page at 
.http://sapphire.cse.ucsc.edu/MacLayers/,

        You are STRONGLY encouraged to upgrade to the latest version.
        The most common response to requests for features and bug
        reports is: "Get the latest version from rascal."


[6.4] What are UW and MultiSession? Are there other programs like MacLayers?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

.* Screen, a GNU product, can be found at various sites including
.ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/screen-3.6.1.tar.gz.

.From the man page:

.Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a
.physical terminal between several processes (typically
.interactive shells). Each virtual terminal provides the
.functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in addition, several
.control functions from the ANSI X3.64 (ISO 6429) and ISO
.2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for
.multiple character sets). There is a scrollback history buffer for
.each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste mechanism that allows
.moving text regions between windows.

        * UW (short for UNIX Windows) is a program similar in style and
        intent to MacLayers (see [6.3]) --- that is, it provides a
        multi-window interface to a UNIX hosts. UW has been around a
        lot longer than MacLayers but, as far as I know, hasn't been
        updated in quite a long time. It offers most of the same
        features as MacLayers, but no facility for downloading
        is provided. UW does have the advantage of working with the
        older 64 KB ROM machines, but in general, MacLayers is the
        superior program.

        * MultiSession is a recently released program with similar goals.
        It includes error-correction in its Macintosh-to-UNIX protocol,
        but this makes it quite sluggish. As of this writing (6/93),
        the UNIX side of MultiSession runs properly only under ULTRIX.
        For more information on MultiSession, please see its documentation
        or contact the author; please do not send e-mail to the editor.
        MultiSession's author is Thomas R. Lawrence (tomlaw@world.std.com).


[6.5] Is there a UNIX program that will convert between BinHex and MacBinary?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

        Yes, there are at least two that will handle BinHex 4.0, MacBinary,
        and other conversions. macutil and mcvert are distributed as
        UNIX shar archvies and can be found in the unix directory at
        InfoMac sites. Source code is included (of course) so you will
        need a C compiler to build the programs:

    * macutil
        
          macutil is a collection of utilities for manipulating Macintosh
          files in MacBinary [see 2.2] or BinHex [see 2.3] format, or over
          AppleDouble, AUFS, or CAP servers.
          
          As of (8/92), macutil includes three programs:
          
                o hexbin - a program to convert BinHex 4.0 to MacBinary;
                  it also converts uuencode (and UULite) files to their
                  native binary format; support for .dl, .hex, and .hcx
                  formats (all predecessors of BinHex 4.0) also exists
                          
                o macsave - a MacBinary filter program to convert
                  between various MacBinary representations, including
                  a single .bin file, three separate .data, .rsrc, .info
                  files, and AUFS format. macsave also allows one to
                  "peek" inside MacBinary files

                o macunpack - a program to unpack PackIt, StuffIt,
                  Diamond, Compactor/Compact Pro, most StuffIt Classic
                  and StuffIt Deluxe, DiskDoubler, Zoom and LHarc/MacLHa
                  archives.

                  It also decodes BinHex 5.0, MacBinary, uuencode, and
                  UNIX compress (ie: .Z suffix) files (as well as variants
                  of compress implemented by various Macintosh compress
                  programs).

                  Support for password protected and/or multi-segment
                  archives of various types is minimal or non-existent.

        The various authors of the macutil utilities are too numerous
        to list here; consult the README files that come with the package
        for the details.

    * mcvert
        
          mcvert allows you to convert BinHex files to MacBinary files
          and vice versa. In addition, you can create MacBinary files
          with empty resource forks from normal files, as well as perform
          other transformations. mcvert can also decode PackIt
          archives.

          mcvert was originally written in 1987 by Doug Moore, but is
          now maintained by Joseph Skudlarek, jskudlarek@std.mentorg.com,
          who has fixed added many new features and made mcvert easier
          to use. The latest version of mcvert is available at InfoMac 
          sites.

     * xbin

          xbin is an old program, similar to a primitive version of mcvert.
          It converts BinHex files into a set of three files which model
          the data, resource, and info forks of a Macintosh file; recall
          that all of this information is contained in a single MacBinary
          file (see [2.2]). Unless you have software that can reconstruct
          a MacBinary file from these three separate files (mcvert will
          do this), xbin will be pretty useless.

          xbin is pretty dead on UNIX platforms, but VMS folk continue to
          use it because, unlike mcvert of the macutil pacakge, xbin
          compiles under VMS.


[6.6] How can I create LaserWriter PostScript printer files and print them 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        on a PostScript printer connected to a UNIX network?

        If you are running System 7.x or later, make sure you using
        the LaserWriter 8.0 driver set (or something more recent,
        such as 8.1.1). You can FTP these Extensions from Apple at
        ftp.support.apple.com. Select Print from your application and
        check the option entitled 'Disk File' or 'Print to Disk'.
        Then click on Options and configure things to create a minimal
        PostScript file by unchecking all boxes. Do not include
        any extra fonts. Now, "print" the file.

        If you are running System 7, you will be prompted to select
        the destination folder and name for the PostScript file.
        Otherwise, it will be named "PostScript' (or 'PostScript#'
        where '#' is a digit) and placed either in the System folder,
        the application's current folder, or the root folder on the
        startup disk. You may rename the file.

        Upload (or otherwise transfer) the PostScript file to your
        UNIX system, treating it as a text file, unless you are
        including graphics or fonts in your output (in which case you
        should be safe and take the extra steps and treat the file as
        an eight-bit binary file).
        
        Note: If you are a pre-System 7 user or cannot upgrade to the
        latest LaserWriter drivers, you are encouraged to read the file 
        tips/generating-postscript at InfoMac archives. Also check
        out the program 'Trimmer'.

        Note: If you are trying (vainly) to use Macintosh PostScript
        files as figures using the psfig macro under Tex or LaTeX,
        get the mactotex package from the University of Michigan's
        archive site in util/unix. This utility makes importing
        Macintosh PostScript files into (La)TeX painless; it also
        includes a useful 'cleanps' utility, that strips Macintosh
        PostScript files of unneeded parts.

.If the PostScript printer is connected to a Macintosh, you can
.use a shareware product such as lpDaemon, or a commercial product
.such as Wollongong's "LPR Server," to turn that Mac into a print
.server which will accept PostScript files from any TCP/IP host
.on the network using the standard LPR protocol.

[6.7] How can I print over the network to a QuickDraw printer which 
-------------------------------------------------------------------
      doesn't support PostScript?

Currently the only product which fills this need is the PathWay Print
Redirector from The Wollongong Group. TWG provided the following 
information about that product:

PathWay Print Redirector is the first QuickDraw GX based printing
software which provides transparent access to any LPR enabled printer
or a printer connected to a TCP/IP host.  It features an intuitive GUI
where user authentication and printer setup are done through the Chooser.
Users may browse available print servers and iconize them on the desktop.
Printing can be accomplished by simply dragging-and-dropping files to the 
desktop printer icon, or by printing from within the application.  
Some of the salient features of PathWay Print Redirector include: 
 
- First QuickDraw GX (TM) savvy printing software that supports 
   NFS and LPR protocols
- Intuitive GUI to browse, configure, and iconize remote network 
   printers on the desktop
- Drag&Drop documents to the virtual printer icon representing 
   remote network printer
- Print directly from Macintosh applications to remote printers
- Display and print documents without the application that created 
   the document
- View local print queue by double-clicking the printer icon 
- Ability to suspend a specific print job or the entire print queue
- Ability to manage both local and remote print queues from the
   desktop
- Provides network security and access privileges through PCNFSD
- Includes Apple's QuickDraw GX and MacTCP


[6.8] What is the Columbia AppleTalk Package (CAP)?
---------------------------------------------------

The Columbia AppleTalk Package allows supported UNIX machines to speak
AppleTalk, the built-in networking language every Macintosh running
the MacOS understands. CAP provides an AppleShare 2.0 compatible file
server (aufs) for sharing UNIX disks with Macintosh computers, a
LaserWriter spooler (lwsrv) for spooling Macintosh print-jobs and
a printing program (papif) for printing Macintosh files on Ethernet-
accessible LaserPrinters. Many other contributed programs are also
available. Using CAP, UNIX disks and printers can be made accessible 
via the Chooser.

CAP is free and in common use wherever large AppleTalk and UNIX
networks converge. For more information, consult the documentation at
one of the following FTP sites:

rutgers.edu            src/{cap60.tar.Z,cap60.patches/*}
munnari.oz.au          mac/{cap60.tar.Z,cap.patches/*}
gatekeeper.dec.com     pub/net/appletalk/cap/{cap60.tar.Z,cap.patches/*}
ftp.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp net/cap/{cap60.tar.Z,cap60.patches/*.Z}
src.doc.ic.ac.uk       mac/multigate/{cap60.tar.Z,cap.patches/*}

An alternative to CAP that offers higher performance but is not currently
compatible with as many UNIX platforms is netatalk, available via FTP
from terminator.rs.itd.umich.edu. 

Also, the IPTalk ADEV, written at the University of Melbourne (where ARNS 
and CAP are both maintained), allows a Mac to use IPTalk to communicate 
directly with CAP servers which don't support EtherTalk.

[6.9] How can I use the UNIX NFS file sharing protocol on my Mac?
-----------------------------------------------------------------

NFS, the Network File System, is the file sharing protocol used by many
UNIX workstations. You can access files stored on UNIX file servers
which are running an NFS server by using an NFS client on your Mac.
You must be connected to an IP network and be using MacTCP to use NFS on
your Mac. Three Mac NFS client programs (all are commercial products; no
shareware Mac NFS client currently exists) are

* MacNFS from Thursby Software Systems, Inc.
.* Client implementation of the NFS architecture designed
.  specifically for the Macintosh.
.* NFS-mounted volume functions like a local disk
.* Has been tested extensively with many Macintosh applications,
.  and multiple UNIX NFS server implementations.
.* Files stored in Apple standard formats (Apple single/double)
.* Access remote NFS volumes through the standard Chooser interface
.* Automatically handles end-of-line conversions
.* Requires Mactinsoh System 7.1 or newer; MacTCP >= 2.0 or
..Open Transport TCP/IP; TCP/IP running over Ethernet,
..Token Ring, or AppleTalk; access to PCNFSD server
..for security; and 68020/030/040 or PowerPC processor

* NFS/Share(TM) from Intercon Software
.* Simple to use -- files from the remote systems take on the
.  format of the Mac documents you always use. There are no new
.  operating procedures or software systems to learn. Certain
.  text files, such as UNIX, are accessible from any Macintosh
.  editor or word processor.
.* Macintosh resident -- Once you have the physical link to the
.  network and NFS/Share, you need nothing other than access to
.  NFS servers on the network. NFS/Share works with Macintosh
.  computers and is completely System 7.0 compatible
  .* Access multiple remote machine easily -- Just go through Apple's
.  Chooser and you are there. A list of available servers on remote
.  systems appears in a pop-up window. You can access remote
.  machines at the same time, and, just like your hard drive,
.  they appear as icons on your dektop
.* Apple standard -- NFS/Share uses Apple's defined standards
.  (AppleSingle or AppleDouble) for representing files for foreign
.  file systems
.* Simultaneous access -- Multiple users can easily access the
.  same infomation at the same time without the need for different
.  mounting points.
 .* Security maintained -- User authentication done through Sun
.  Microsystem's NIS (Yellow Pages), PCNFSD, or BWNFSD. Each user
.  is presented with lists of access or mounting points automatically.

* PathWay Client NFS from The Wollongong Group
.* High-performance NFS client designed for Macintosh computers
.  using either System 6 or System 7.
.* Utilizing the NFS protocol, PathWay Client NFS users can share
.  files and use applications that reside on local and/or remote
.  systems that have NFS servers.
.* Easily accessed through the chooser to mount NFS server volumes,
.  just like AppleShare.
.* Simple installation via installer script
.* Supports symbolic links
.* Support for browsing NFS servers and remote printers
.* Supports PCNFSD 2.0 for user authentication, and multiple GIDs
.  are supported
.* Supports LOCKD and BWNFSD for file sharing and record locking
.* User-definable file permissions
.* Ability to mount multiple NFS volumes at boot time
.* Displays RPC information such as mount points, server daemons, etc.
.* Ability to function as a print server
.* Includes MacTCP and SNMP agent
.* Supports non-default authenatication daemons


[Note: The above information was taken directly from sales information
provided by the two companies.]
