TwinSock 1.4 Help Contents

TwinSock 1.4

Troy's Windows Sockets

Copyright  1994-1995 Troy Rollo

Note: If you have used previous versions of TwinSock, you will need to select Setup...Communications in the new version and set the speed value.

Contents

Licensing

What Is TwinSock?

Installing TwinSock

Starting TwinSock

Shutting Down Twinsock

Using Port Remapping

Applications Known To Work With TwinSock 1.4

If you have problems

Enhancements and Bug Reports

TODO and Bugs

Revision History

Contributors


Licensing
The TwinSock, TKERN and IRC II for Windows License

Version 1, 16-January-1995

Preamble

The person who made this software possible was billed for   Citizens Utilities toll calls to a number he believed to be  a local (no charge) call, and attempted to the best of his  abilities to verify were local calls.

Citizens Utilities have refused to withdraw or refund the charges for those toll calls.

As the bulk of those toll calls were made while developing, improving and testing the software products TwinSock and IRCII for Windows, which are provided free, the Citizens Utilities Company of California has effectively asked the author of this software to pay for the privilege of producing the software and giving it away free of charge.

Consequently, this license is designed to ensure that Citizens Utilities and any affiliated companies cannot derive any benefit from this software without paying license fees.

If you have no dealings whatsoever with any company named Citizens Utilities, this license is effectively identical to the appropriate GNU license for the package you are using, or to the standard ircII license if the package is ircII. If you do have dealings with a company named Citizens Utilities, there may be additional conditions imposed on your use of the software.

This license applies retrospectively to the degree that as of 16-January-1995, the products TKERN and TwinSock, which had previously been made available under another license, are withdrawn, and both current and previous versions of TKERN and TwinSock are re-released under this license.

If any licensing fees are payable, they should be fowarded in the form of American Express Travellers Cheques or international money orders payable to Troy Rollo to:

        Troy Rollo

        Sycomp Pty Ltd

        Level 4

        1 James Place

        North Sydney 2060

        AUSTRALIA

Note that Sycomp does not provide support for this program. If you have problems, you should follow the avenues for support mentioned in the documentation for the program. Calling Sycomp for support is not only extremely rude, but may result in my shareholders asking me to discontinue free software work.

All money amounts are in United States Dollars.

This product is licensed under the following terms:

1. Subject to the remaining conditions of this license, all the terms of the following licenses shall apply to various parts of the software:

i) for ircII, the license for ircII 2.6 for UNIX

ii) for TwinSock, and for parts of TKERN which are included in TKFMANGR.EXE, the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 2 (Included herein as Schedule 1) shall apply to this software.

iii) For the remainder of TKERN, the GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 2 (Included herein as Schedule 2)

2. A license fee of $231.02 (Two hundred and thirty one dollars and two cents) per machine installed shall be payable by anybody who is:

(a) a company named Citizens Utilities incorporated in any state or territory of the United States of America

OR

(b) a parent company of any company covered by (a)

i)  For the purposes of this license, a parent company is any company holding more than 20% of the shares of the company by cash value.

ii) A parent company of any company covered by (b) is itself considered to be a parent company, and thus is also covered by (b)

OR

(c) an agent of a company covered by (a) or (b)

OR

(d) a person holding shares in a company covered by (a)

OR

(e) an employee of a company covered by (a) or (b)

OR

(f) a person living in the same residence as a person covered by (e)

OR

(g) a govornment or govornment department holding more than 10% of the shares in a company covered by (a)

3. The software may not be transmitted over any communications service provided by a company named Citizens Utilities incorporated in any state or territory of the United States of America. Any copies  inadvertantly received by such transmission must be destroyed.

4. If the software is communications software, it may not be used to transmit or receive data over any communications service provided by a company named Citizens Utilities incorporated in any state or territory of the United States of America.

 5. If there is no alternative service provider available in the area, the software may be tansmitted or used over a communications service provided by a company covered by (3) and (4) if

(a) The user of the software witholds payment of all bills received until the last day payable

AND

(b) The user submits, with each bill payment, a complaint about Citizens Utilities toll charges on account 916/683-2400 between 15-December-1994 and 15-January-1995, requesting that the full amount of those charges be refunded

AND

(c) The user request to pay each bill by credit card if they posess any of the following cards: Visa, Mastercard, American Express.

6. A person whose telephone service is provided by a company covered by (4), who switches to another provider within 14 days of receiving the software, or before 22-February-1995, whichever is later, may continue to use the software over the existing service until the new service is in place or until the 8th day after the request is made to cancel the original service (whichever is earlier) provided that they inform the provider covered by (4) that they are participating in the Citizens Utilities boycott relating to account 916/683-2400.

7. Should any part of this license be held by a court to be illegal or unenforcable, all licenses to use the software shall be terminated.

8. Within the scope of this license, excluding the scheduled items, modifying the software shall be considered to be using the software.


Schedule 1
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

                          675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to your programs, too.

 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

  TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium    customarily used for software interchange; or,

c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement orotherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

NO WARRANTY

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>

Copyright (C) 19yy  <name of author>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author

    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.

    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it

    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program

  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989

  Ty Coon, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.


Schedule 2
GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

 Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

                    675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

[This is the first released version of the library GPL.  It is  numbered 2 because it goes with version 2 of the ordinary GPL.]

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.

This license, the Library General Public License, applies to some specially designated Free Software Foundation software, and to any other libraries whose authors decide to use it.  You can use it for your libraries, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the library, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.  If you link a program with the library, you must provide complete object files to the recipients so that they can relink them with the library, after making changes to the library and recompiling it.  And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

Our method of protecting your rights has two steps: (1) copyright the library, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.

Also, for each distributor's protection, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free library.  If the library is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original version, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that companies distributing free software will individually obtain patent licenses, thus in effect transforming the program into proprietary software.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary GNU General Public License, which was designed for utility programs.  This license, the GNU Library General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries.  This license is quite different from the ordinary one; be sure to read it in full, and don't assume that anything in it is the same as in the ordinary license.

The reason we have a separate public license for some libraries is that they blur the distinction we usually make between modifying or adding to a program and simply using it.  Linking a program with a library, without changing the library, is in some sense simply using the library, and is analogous to running a utility program or application program.  However, in a textual and legal sense, the linked executable is a combined work, a derivative of the original library, and the ordinary General Public License treats it as such.

Because of this blurred distinction, using the ordinary General Public License for libraries did not effectively promote software sharing, because most developers did not use the libraries.  We concluded that weaker conditions might promote sharing better.

  However, unrestricted linking of non-free programs would deprive the users of those programs of all benefit from the free status of the libraries themselves.  This Library General Public License is intended to permit developers of non-free programs to use free libraries, while preserving your freedom as a user of such programs to change the free libraries that are incorporated in them.  (We have not seen how to achieve this as regards changes in header files, but we have achieved it as regards changes in the actual functions of the Library.)  The hope is that this will lead to faster development of free libraries.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.  Pay close attention to the difference between a "work based on the library" and a "work that uses the library".  The former contains code derived from the library, while the latter only works together with the library.

Note that it is possible for a library to be covered by the ordinary General Public License rather than by this special one.


GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

0. This License Agreement applies to any software library which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Library General Public License (also called "this License").  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

A "library" means a collection of software functions and/or data prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.

 The "Library", below, refers to any such software library or work which has been distributed under these terms.  A "work based on the Library" means either the Library or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated straightforwardly into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".)

"Source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.  For a library, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the library.

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for writing it).  Whether that is true depends on what the Library does and what the program that uses the Library does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the Library.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

a) The modified work must itself be a software library.

b) You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.

c) You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

d) If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an application does not supply such function or table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful.

(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the application.  Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any application-supplied function or table used by this function must be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square root function must still compute square roots.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Library.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.

3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library.  To do this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2, instead of to this License.  (If a newer version than version 2 of the ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify that version instead if you wish.)  Do not make any other change in these notices.

Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.

This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the Library into a program that is not a library.

4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange.

If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to distribute the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or linked with it, is called a "work that uses the Library".  Such a work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and therefore falls outside the scope of this License.

However, linking a "work that uses the Library" with the Library creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it contains portions of the Library), rather than a "work that uses the library".  The executable is therefore covered by this License. Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.

When a "work that uses the Library" uses material from a header file that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not. Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library.  The threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.

If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work.  (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the Library will still fall under Section 6.)

Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6. Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6, whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.

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You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.  You must supply a copy of this License.  If the work during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference directing the user to the copy of this License.  Also, you must do one of these things:

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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries

If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that everyone can redistribute and change.  You can do so by permitting redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the ordinary General Public License).

To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.  It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

    <one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does.>

    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

    This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

    modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public

    License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either

    version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

    This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU

    Library General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public

    License along with this library; if not, write to the Free

    Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the library, if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.

  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1990

  Ty Coon, President of Vice

That's all there is to it!


What Is TwinSock?
What Is TwinSock

TwinSock is a free implementation of proxy sockets for Windows.

Other Windows Sockets drivers use a network card, or a well known Internet over serial lines protocol, such as SLIP, C-SLIP or PPP. These drivers may access the network card or communications card directly, or via a VxD or DOS based TCP/IP stack. their uses are limited to cases where either the machine is directly connected to a network, or the host at the other end of the phone line supports the same serial line internet protocol.

The other shortcoming of these drivers is that they require an official IP address to operate, and frequently you will not be able to connect very far beyond the host you connect directly to.

TwinSock, on the other hand, makes use of the IP address of the host to provide socket services to the client. When an application running under Windows requests socket services of TwinSock, TwinSock will transparently pass these requests on to the TwinSock Host program running on the remote machine for processing. The result is that you have all the same networking capabilities as you would if your Windows machine were physically connected to the network in place of the host machine.

TwinSock is able to operate in the most restrictive of circumstances - it can get through even the most fussy of terminal servers and 7 bit lines. With TwinSock, if you have a UNIX shell account, you can have full Windows Sockets access to the Internet.

To take advantage of TwinSock, you will need to obtain some Windows Sockets applications. See the section Applications Known To Work With TwinSock for a list of applications. Most of these are available from the popular internet FTP sites ftp.cica.indiana.edu and oak.oakland.edu.

For more information on what TwinSock, refer to the FAQ or newsgroups.


For More Information
For More Information on TwinSock

To find out the latest information on TwinSock, check the following newsgroups:

alt.dcom.slip-emulators

comp.os.ms-windows.networking.tcp-ip

comp.os.ms-windows.apps.comm

or see the TwinSock FAQ at:

http://ugsparc0.eecg.utoronto.ca/~luk/tsfaq.html

If your question is not answered in these forums, send mail to twinsock@cbme.unsw.EDU.AU. An automatic reply will be sent listing the most common questions and answers asked recently.

If you still have a problem, send mail to twinsock-helpers@cbme.unsw.EDU.AU.

Volunteers for the twinsock-helpers mailing list should send mail to owner-twinsock-helpers@cbme.unsw.EDU.AU. twinsock-helpers will be acknowledged in the help files of future revisions of TwinSock.


Installing TwinSock

1. Create an icon for TWINSOCK.EXE in the program manager using File...New...Program Item.

2. Copy the following files and only the following files to an empty directory on your UNIX host.

build.sh

commands.c

mem.c

packet.c

packet.h

term.c

pterm.c

tshost.c

getentry.c

twinsock.h

tx.h

wserror.h

3. Type "sh build.sh" to build the server. build.sh will attempt to figure out what options it needs to use to compile on most 32 bit systems. 64 bit systems may need significant porting work.

If it doesn't compile first off, try to modify it until it does if you know enough about programming. The files you will probably need to touch are (in decreasing order of probability):

term.c/pterm.c

tshost.c

commands.c

You should avoid touching packet.c if possible.

If you are not able to correct problems yourself, check the newsgroups and the FAQ.


Starting TwinSock

1. Start the TwinSock client (The TWINSOCK.EXE program you have added to the program manager).

If this is the first time you have started TwinSock, you may get a message indicating that COM1 could not be opened, followed by a box asking you to configure the communications port. If you do not, select Setup...Communications, and configure the communications options to match your hardware.

2. You will now be in TwinSock terminal mode. If you need to dial the modem, select Connect...Dial, otherwise, press enter to get the UNIX prompt, and log in as if you were using a terminal.

3. When you have a UNIX prompt. Start "tshost" without any arguments. TwinSock should iconise and change its title to "Twinsock - Connected". At this point you can start your Windows sockets applications.

You can also start tshost with arguments to get higher throughput.


Starting tshost

Starting tshost with no arguments results in TwinSock using a 6 bit rotation protocol over the line. This means that TwinSock will work over just about any connection, but results in a 25% loss of speed. This situation can be improved by starting TwinSock in one of the following modes:

tshost command	Mode	Speed
tshost -8	8 Bit	133%
tshost -x	8 Bit, ^S, ^Q escaped	132%
tshost -X	8 Bit, ^S, ^Q escaped (both with and without bit 7)	131%
tshost -n	8 Bit, control characters escaped	118%
tshost -N	7 Bit rotation (control characters with and without bit 7 avoided)	116%
tshost -e	Explicit selection of escaped characters.	Varies
The speed column indicates the speed relative to the default 6 bit rotation protocol. All these protocols require an 8 bit connection.

The TwinSock client will automatically detect the protocol being used by TwinSock Host.


Applications Known To Work With TwinSock

The following applications have been tested by me and found to work with TwinSock 1.4:

FTP

WS_FTP

IRC

IRCII 2.6 for Windows

IRC4WIN

Telnet

yawtel

Microsoft Telnet

EWAN

Mail

Eudora

News

winvn

World Wide Web

Netscape

NCSA Mosaic

X-Windows

StarNet Micro-X (Also known as xwindemo)


Contributors

Troy Rollo	Concept, design, implementation - you name it.
Jim Reuter	Fixed a number of byte-swapping bugs
Frank Prindle	POSIX Terminals Code.
Tim Henrion	Fixed lots of bugs.
Douglas Wegscheid	Got it to work with 386BSD
Kenny Luk	FAQ - keeps people off the developers' backs and answers questions, which lets the coders spend more time coding.


If You Have Problems

Some environments have a problem with the POSIX terminals code in pterm.c - you may get better results if you edit the Makefile, change pterm.c to term.c and run "make" again.

If you cannot get TwinSock to work, check the newsgroups and FAQ for more up to date information.


Shutting down TwinSock

1. Double click on the TwinSock icon.

2. Select Setup...Disconnect from the menu.

3. If TwinSock host does not shut down, wait 5 seconds, then type ^X five times.


Enhancements and Bug Reports

Before submitting an enhancement request or bug report, check the FAQ to make sure you are submitting something new.

Enhancements and bug reports should be directed to:

twinsock-dev@cbme.unsw.EDU.AU


TODO and Bugs
TODO & Bugs

Out Of Band data should be handled properly.

The internals don't clean up properly if an application exits without cleaning up itself.

TwinSock Host should be ported to more hosts, including non UNIX hosts.

There should be a facility to script logins so all you have to do is hit the TwinSock icon in the Program Manager.

There are apparently still some problems which cause TwinSock to reboot. This appears to be configuration dependant.


Using the Explicit Encoding Protocol

Note that due to the complexity of using an explicit encoding protocol, questions to the TwinSock mailing aliases about it are unlikely to be answered - If you use this, you are on your own.

In TWINSOCK.INI, and in the UNUX file "$HOME/.twinsock", create a section called "Protocol". This section can have three entries.

[Protocol]

Escaped=\236 ^S ^Q ^S! ^Q!

Ignored=\000

Offset=64

The "Escaped Entry" specifies characters which should be escaped over the line, and the "Ignored" entry specifies characters which should be ignored completely when received. Both of these entries have the same format - a list of characters separated by spaces. Characters can be represented in the following ways:

\nnn	An octal number representing the character
^X	The control character, ^X
^X!	The control chararacter, ^X, with bit 7 set.

The "Offset" entry specifies the value which is added to a character to give its escaped representation. The default is 64. This must be chosen such that none of the characters you escape will have an escaped representation of either '^X' (ASCII code CAN) or the space character.

Note that the host and client sides do not have to be identical - you can escape a character in one direction only if you wish.


Using Port Remapping

Port remapping allows you to have TwinSock host automatically remap a port your applications request to another port, or the first available port in a range of ports. This only applies to "server" applications, such as X-Windows servers and FTP servers.

To do this, you add entries to "$HOME/.twinsock" on your UNIX host.

[Mappings]

6000=6000,6010

[PortNames]

6000=X Windows Display 0

6001=X Windows Display 1

6002=X Windows Display 2

6003=X Windows Display 3

6004=X Windows Display 4

6005=X Windows Display 5

6006=X Windows Display 6

6007=X Windows Display 7

6008=X Windows Display 8

6009=X Windows Display 9

The "Mappings section" lists the port to be remapped on the left hand side, and a comma separated range of ports to remap to on the right hand side. In the example above, X Windows display 0 (":0.0" in X speak) could be mapped to any of displays 0 through to 9 (":0.0" to ":9.0" in X speak).

When the host end remaps a display, it sends a message back to the TwinSock Window saying what has been done, so if you know you have remapped something, you should check the TwinSock window after starting the app to see where it was mapped to.

The "PortNames" section specifies a friendly name to be used for a port in notification messages. If no entry exists for a port in "PortNames", the port number will be used in the notification message.

In the example above, you may get:

X Windows Display 0 remapped to X Windows Display 3


Revision History

05-Nov-1994	Project initiated

14-Nov-1994	Version 1.0 released

20-Nov-1994	Version 1.1 released

04-Dec-1994	Version 1.2 released

23-Jan-1995	Version 1.3 beta

04-Feb-1995	Version 1.3 released

25-Mar-1995	Version 1.4 beta

30-Mar-1995	Version 1.4 released


Changes in version 1.1

This version includes a number of bug fixes and usability enhancements.

Bugs fixed from 1.0:

Most of the WSAGetXbyY functions didn't work at all.

Telnet applications won't drop typed characters  anymore.

New features:

The host end now tries to figure out what it needs to do to compile on your system. This ability is probably not complete yet, but should work for most 32 bit UNIX platforms.

Now has a terminal interface. This means you can log in to your host and start TwinSock Host without needing a separate terminal program.

Data received from the network is now "streamed" this means that if you are in the middle of a long file transfer, you can still get in to do other things while the transfer is still going. Also, when you abort a connection, the unwanted data is discarded at the host end.

TwinSock Host now sends a character sequence to TwinSock, which then automatically initiates the connection automatically.


Changes in version 1.2

Bugs fixed from 1.1:

A number of bugs to do with byte swapping have been fixed. Thanks go to Jim Reuter of DEC for his detective work on this.

The setsockopt calls have been changed to have the last argument not passed by address. This was my error, not a SysV/POSIX/BSD difference as many have speculated.

Behaviour changes:

The default line settings have changed. TwinSock now uses DSR for handshaking. This can be changed back to the old behaviour by adding the line "OutxDsrFlow=0" to the config section of TWINSOCK.INI

build.sh should now detect "-lnsl" and shouldn't incorrectly include mem.o in the compilation when using gcc (which has built-in prototypes).

New features:

The one packet positive Ack protocol has been changed to a four packet windowed protocol. This improves speed by a factor of four (no, making it an 8 packet windowed protocol will not give an 8 times improvement).

You can now dial the modem from the menu, if you're averse to entering dial commands yourself. The dialing code will remember your most recently dialled number, so for most people this means dialing will be a simple matter of selecting Setup...Dial...OK (after the first time).

There is now a menu option  to send a break signal (Setup...Send Break Signal). The break signal will last for 1.5 seconds.


Changes in version 1.3

Bugs fixed from 1.2:

Many bugs affecting overall reliability were fixed. They usually manifested themselves by one of the following:

"Call to Undefined Dynalink" message.

General Protection Faults.

The protocol hanging.

The dial function should now work on all modems.

New features:

There is now an 8 bit protocol, which should result in performance equivalent to SLIP.

tshost should now compile (and work) on many more platforms (most notably, POSIX platforms, thanks to Frank Prindle)

A new option is available on the menu to view a summary of protocol statistics. These statistics relate to the TwinSock protocol used over the line.


Changes in Version 1.4

Bugs fixed from 1.3

build.sh should now detect OSF and not user POSIX terminals on it, and should detect SCO and not use select.h on that.

Absence of SO_ACCEPTCONN and SO_USELOOPBACK should not cause problems on Linux anymore.

386BSD should work - it has a strange-looking sockaddr_in.

Speeds >19200 should now work and save OK in TWINSOCK.INI.

the "Dial" function now only sends one write to the comm port, for those really fiddly configurations.

The -8 protocol should now work with environments using POSIX terminals.

A bug in Windows which causes communiations notification messages not to be delivered should no longer affect TwinSock.

More applications should work, including EWAN and CU-SeeMe.

Applications which use UDP should now work.

WS_FTP will now report realistic transfer rates for uploads.

Eudora mail attachments will no longer cause the message to fail.

There were still some byte-swap errors in one or two places - these are now fixed.

Many changes have been made to errors returned by TwinSock to get it to pass more of WSAtest.

Sending data will no longer slow down the received data rate by 50%.

New Features

Port remapping is now supported, so if you are using something like X-Windows and display 0 is taken, it can be remapped to display 1, 2 and so on.

A ".twinsock" fileon the host side, which has a format similar to a Windows INI file, stores parameters for the host end.

Three new protocols: -X, which escapes XON and XOFF with and without bit 7 set, -N which avoids control characters with and without bit 7 set, and -e, which allows you to specify exactly which characters should be escaped.


thenrion@netcom.com (Tim Henrion)